raival 500mg tablet er - Valproic Acid (500mg) medicine

Diovat XR 500mg Tablet (Valproic Acid): Complete Guide

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🏭 Esquire Drug House 📦 Varies by brand 💊 Allopathy 📅 Updated: Sep 23, 2026
⚠️ Hepatotoxicity Risk 🤰 Pregnancy Category This medicine is not recommended for use during pregnancy unless clearly necessary, as it can cause serious harm to the unborn baby, including neural tube defects and other major congenital malformations. Women of childbearing potential should use effective contraception while taking this medicine. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, consult your doctor immediately to discuss the risks and benefits. 📋 Prescription Required 💊 Generic Available
Medically Reviewed
11 min read
Evidence: Well-established for epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and migraine prophylaxis.
Reviewed by
SaathiMed Expert Panel | Sep 23, 2026

When to Call Your Doctor IMMEDIATELY

  • Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
  • Severe abdominal pain that may radiate to the back
  • Unusual bruising or bleeding
  • Confusion, lethargy, or decreased consciousness
  • Rash with blisters or peeling skin
  • Seizures that worsen or new types of seizures
  • Dark urine or decreased urine output

If experiencing severe symptoms, call emergency services immediately.

What is raival 500mg tablet er used for?

This medicine is an antiepileptic drug used to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and prevent migraines. It works by increasing GABA levels in the brain. It requires regular monitoring of liver function and blood counts.

  • Generic Name: Valproic Acid (500mg)
  • Manufacturer: Esquire Drug House
  • Form: Allopathy
  • Pregnancy Category: Consult doctor
  • Prescription Required: Yes

🇮🇳 raival 500mg tablet er के बारे में (Hindi Summary)

उपयोग: यह दवा वैल्प्रोइक एसिड 500 मिलीग्राम की गोली है, जिसका उपयोग मिर्गी (दौरे), बाइपोलर डिसऑर्डर और माइग्रेन के सिरदर्द को रोकने के लिए किया जाता है। यह मस्तिष्क में GABA नामक रसायन के स्तर को बढ़ाकर काम करती है, जिससे दौरे और मूड स्विंग्स कम होते हैं। यह दवा डॉक्टर के पर्चे के बिना नहीं लेनी चाहिए।

साइड इफेक्ट्स: इस दवा के आम दुष्प्रभावों में मतली, उल्टी, दस्त, पेट दर्द, सिरदर्द, चक्कर आना, नींद आना और कंपन शामिल हैं। गंभीर दुष्प्रभावों में लिवर की समस्या, पैंक्रियाटाइटिस, खून की बीमारियाँ और त्वचा पर गंभीर रैश शामिल हैं। अगर आपको पीलिया, गहरे रंग का पेशाब, पेट में तेज दर्द, या असामान्य खून बहना दिखे तो तुरंत डॉक्टर से मिलें।

सुरक्षा सलाह: इस दवा को लेने से पहले अपने डॉक्टर को अपनी सभी स्वास्थ्य समस्याओं के बारे में बताएं, खासकर लिवर, किडनी, या पैंक्रियास की बीमारी। गर्भवती महिलाओं को यह दवा नहीं लेनी चाहिए क्योंकि इससे बच्चे को नुकसान हो सकता है। शराब न पिएं। दवा लेते समय वाहन न चलाएं। दवा अचानक बंद न करें। नियमित रूप से खून की जांच कराएं।

💡 Did You Know? India has the highest number of USFDA-compliant plants outside the USA.

💊 raival 500mg tablet er Uses & Benefits

[{"condition":"Epilepsy (generalized seizures)","description":"This medicine is used to control generalized tonic-clonic seizures and absence seizures in adults and children.","evidence":"Well-established"},{"condition":"Epilepsy (partial seizures)","description":"It is effective in reducing the frequency of partial seizures, with or without secondary generalization.","evidence":"Well-established"},{"condition":"Bipolar disorder (manic episodes)","description":"This medicine helps to stabilize mood and treat acute manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder.","evidence":"Well-established"},{"condition":"Migraine prophylaxis","description":"It is used to prevent migraine headaches in adults who have frequent or disabling migraines.","evidence":"Well-established"}]

Off-label uses: [{"condition":"Neuropathic pain","description":"Sometimes prescribed off-label for certain types of neuropathic pain, though evidence is limited.","evidence":"Limited"},{"condition":"Schizophrenia","description":"Occasionally used as an add-on treatment for schizophrenia, but not a first-line option.","evidence":"Limited"}]

Primary treatment for: Epilepsy

Also treats: Bipolar disorder, Migraine

📋 Drug Information

Generic Name(s)Valproic Acid (500mg)
Brand Nameraival 500mg tablet er
ManufacturerEsquire Drug House
Packaging / FormVaries by brand (Allopathy)
Therapeutic ClassNEURO CNS
Action ClassSodium channel modulators (AED)
Route of AdministrationOral
StorageStore at room temperature between 15°C and 30°C (59°F to 86°F). Keep away from moisture and heat. Do not refrigerate. Keep in the original container, tightly closed.
Shelf Life24 months from the date of manufacture.
WHO GuidelineNot established from the available information.
ICMR GuidelineNot established from the available information.

👨‍⚕️ Doctor's Practical Tips

Evidence-based practical advice from experienced clinicians

1
Take this medicine with food to reduce stomach upset.
2
Do not stop taking this medicine suddenly without consulting your doctor, as it can cause withdrawal seizures.
3
Avoid alcohol while taking this medicine as it can increase sedation and seizure risk.
4
Inform your doctor immediately if you experience symptoms of liver problems such as yellowing of eyes or skin, dark urine, or abdominal pain.
5
Use effective contraception if you are a woman of childbearing age, as this medicine can harm the unborn baby.
6
Regular blood tests are important to monitor liver function, blood counts, and drug levels.
7
Do not drive or operate heavy machinery until you know how this medicine affects you.

🔍 Is This Medicine Right for Your Symptom?

Educational reference. Always consult a doctor for diagnosis.

Seizures
This medicine is commonly prescribed for epilepsy.
Likely Use
Mood swings
This medicine is used for bipolar disorder.
Likely Use
Migraine headaches
This medicine is used for migraine prevention.
Likely Use
Fever
This medicine is not a primary fever reducer.
Not Primary

🔬 How This Medicine Works (Pharmacology)

Pharmacokinetics

AbsorptionThis medicine is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. The bioavailability is approximately 100%. Food may delay the rate of absorption but does not significantly affect the extent of absorption.
DistributionThis medicine is widely distributed throughout the body, with a volume of distribution of about 0.1 to 0.4 L/kg. It crosses the blood-brain barrier and is found in cerebrospinal fluid. It also crosses the placenta and is excreted in breast milk.
Protein BindingThis medicine is highly bound to plasma proteins, primarily albumin, with a binding rate of approximately 90-95%. Protein binding is concentration-dependent and can decrease at higher plasma concentrations.
MetabolismThis medicine is extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily through glucuronidation and beta-oxidation. Some metabolites, such as 2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid, may have anticonvulsant activity. The metabolism can be saturated at higher doses, leading to non-linear pharmacokinetics.
Half-LifeThe elimination half-life of this medicine is typically 9 to 16 hours in adults. In children, it may be shorter, and in the elderly or those with liver disease, it may be prolonged.
ExcretionThis medicine is primarily excreted in the urine as glucuronide conjugates and other metabolites. A small amount is excreted unchanged in the urine and feces.
BioavailabilityThe bioavailability of this medicine is approximately 100% after oral administration.
Onset of ActionThe onset of action for anticonvulsant effects is within a few hours to days, but full therapeutic effect for mood stabilization or migraine prevention may take several weeks.
Peak Plasma TimePeak plasma concentrations are reached within 1 to 4 hours after oral administration of the immediate-release tablet.
Duration of ActionThe duration of action varies depending on the indication and individual patient factors. For seizure control, the effect lasts as long as therapeutic levels are maintained, typically requiring twice-daily dosing.

How It Works

This medicine works by increasing the concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces the excessive electrical activity of nerve cells that can lead to seizures and mood swings. It achieves this by inhibiting the enzymes that break down GABA and by enhancing the release of GABA from nerve terminals. Additionally, it may block voltage-gated sodium channels, which further stabilizes neuronal membranes and prevents the spread of abnormal electrical signals. The overall effect is a calming influence on the central nervous system, which helps to control seizures and stabilize mood.

Mechanism Steps

1
Inhibition of GABA transaminase: This medicine inhibits the enzyme GABA transaminase, which is responsible for breaking down GABA in the brain.
2
Increased GABA levels: As a result of enzyme inhibition, the levels of GABA increase in the synaptic cleft.
3
Enhanced inhibitory neurotransmission: Higher GABA levels lead to increased binding to GABA-A receptors, enhancing inhibitory signals in the brain.
4
Blockade of sodium channels: This medicine also blocks voltage-gated sodium channels, which reduces the repetitive firing of neurons.
5
Stabilization of neuronal activity: The combined effects reduce abnormal electrical activity, thereby preventing seizures and stabilizing mood.

💡 How to Take raival 500mg tablet er

Strength: This medicine is available as a 500 mg immediate-release tablet.

1Take this medicine exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
2Swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water.
3Take with food or milk to reduce stomach upset.
4Do not crush, chew, or break the tablet unless your doctor advises.
5Take at the same times each day to maintain consistent levels.
6Do not stop taking this medicine suddenly without consulting your doctor.

Dosage Information

Adult DosageThe dosage of this medicine must be individualized by a qualified clinician based on the indication, age, weight, renal and hepatic function, and response to treatment. For epilepsy, the usual starting dose is 10-15 mg/kg/day, increased gradually. For bipolar disorder, the typical starting dose is 750 mg/day in divided doses. For migraine prophylaxis, the usual dose is 250-500 mg twice daily. Always follow your doctor's prescription exactly.
Pediatric DosagePediatric dosing is not established from available information. Consult a pediatrician for appropriate dosing in children.
Elderly DosageElderly patients may be more sensitive to the effects of this medicine and may require lower doses. Dose should be individualized by a clinician based on renal and hepatic function and overall health status.
Renal ImpairmentDose adjustment may be necessary in patients with renal impairment. Consult your doctor for specific dosing recommendations.
Hepatic ImpairmentThis medicine is contraindicated in patients with significant hepatic impairment. In patients with mild hepatic impairment, dose reduction may be necessary. Consult your doctor.
Maximum Daily DoseThe maximum daily dose is 60 mg/kg/day. Doses above this are not recommended.

Dosage Timeline

🌅 Morning ❌ ☀️ Afternoon ❌ 🌆 Evening ❌ 🌙 Night ❌

🍽️ Food Timing Guide

With food
Take with meals
Reduces stomach upset and nausea.
Alcohol
Avoid
Increases sedation and risk of seizures.

⏰ What to Do If You Miss a Dose

📌 Less than half the dosing interval has passed
→ Take the missed dose as soon as you remember.
💡 Continue with the regular schedule.
📌 More than half the dosing interval has passed
→ Skip the missed dose.
💡 Do not double dose to catch up.

⚠️ Side Effects of raival 500mg tablet er

✅ Common Side Effects

Nausea (Common (up to 20%))
Take with food or milk to reduce nausea. If it persists, consult your doctor.
Vomiting (Common (up to 15%))
Stay hydrated and inform your doctor if vomiting is severe or persistent.
Diarrhea (Common (up to 10%))
Drink plenty of fluids. If diarrhea is severe, contact your doctor.
Headache (Common (up to 20%))
Rest and use a mild pain reliever if needed. Consult your doctor if headaches are frequent.
Dizziness (Common (up to 15%))
Avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how this medicine affects you.
Drowsiness (Common (up to 15%))
Do not drive or operate heavy machinery. If drowsiness is excessive, consult your doctor.
Tremor (Common (up to 10%))
Report to your doctor if tremor interferes with daily activities.

🚨 Serious Side Effects

Liver failure (Rare (<0.1%))
Seek immediate medical attention if you notice yellowing of skin or eyes, dark urine, or severe abdominal pain.
Pancreatitis (Rare (<0.1%))
Go to the emergency room if you experience severe abdominal pain that may radiate to your back, with nausea and vomiting.
Thrombocytopenia (Uncommon (0.1-1%))
Report any unusual bruising or bleeding to your doctor immediately.
Hyperammonemia (Rare (<0.1%))
Seek medical help if you experience confusion, lethargy, or vomiting.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (Very rare (<0.01%))
Get emergency medical care if you develop a rash, blisters, or peeling skin.

⚠️ Rare Side Effects

Aplastic anemia
Report symptoms like fatigue, pale skin, or frequent infections to your doctor.
Encephalopathy
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience confusion, seizures, or decreased consciousness.

Consult your doctor if you experience any unusual symptoms.

🔬 Drug Interactions

Drug Severity Effect
Warfarin Major
Carbamazepine Major
Lamotrigine Major
Aspirin Major
Phenytoin Moderate
Rifampin Moderate
Cimetidine Moderate
Antacids Minor
Cholestyramine Minor
Alcohol Major

🚨 Major Interactions

  • Warfarin
  • Carbamazepine
  • Lamotrigine
  • Aspirin

⚡ Moderate Interactions

  • Phenytoin
  • Rifampin
  • Cimetidine

🍷 Alcohol Interaction

Alcohol should be avoided while taking this medicine. It can increase the central nervous system depressant effects, leading to excessive drowsiness, dizziness, and difficulty concentrating. Alcohol may also lower the seizure threshold and increase the risk of seizures. Additionally, alcohol can increase the risk of liver damage when combined with this medicine.

🔎 Check Your Other Medicines

Educational tool. Always confirm with your doctor or pharmacist.

🛡️ Safety & Warnings

🚫 Contraindications

["Known hypersensitivity to valproic acid or any component of the formulation","Liver disease or significant hepatic impairment","Urea cycle disorders","Known mitochondrial disorders caused by mutations in the POLG gene","Pregnancy for migraine prophylaxis and bipolar disorder, unless no alternative","Children under 2 years of age for certain indications due to high risk of hepatotoxicity"]

⚠️ Warnings & Precautions

["This medicine can cause serious liver injury. Seek medical attention if you develop symptoms such as yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, or abdominal pain.","Pancreatitis has been reported. Discontinue and seek medical help if you experience severe abdominal pain.","This medicine can cause fetal harm. Women of childbearing potential should use effective contraception.","Do not stop this medicine abruptly as it may cause withdrawal seizures.","This medicine may cause drowsiness or dizziness. Avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how it affects you.","Alcohol should be avoided as it can increase the risk of seizures and sedation.","This medicine can cause blood disorders. Report any unusual bruising or bleeding.","Hyperammonemia can occur even with normal liver function tests. Report symptoms like confusion or lethargy."]

🤱 Lactation Safety

This medicine is excreted in breast milk in small amounts. Breastfeeding is generally not recommended while taking this medicine due to the potential risk of serious side effects in the infant. Consult your doctor to discuss the risks and benefits before breastfeeding.

💊 Overdose Management

Overdose of this medicine can cause serious symptoms including deep coma, respiratory depression, and metabolic acidosis. If you suspect an overdose, seek emergency medical attention immediately. Treatment is supportive and may include gastric lavage if taken recently, activated charcoal, and hemodialysis in severe cases. There is no specific antidote. Naloxone may be used if opioid toxicity is suspected, but it is not a specific antidote for valproic acid.

⏰ Missed Dose

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. If you are unsure, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Additional Safety Advice

General Safety

Before taking this medicine, inform your doctor if you have or have ever had liver disease, kidney disease, pancreatitis, a bleeding disorder, or a urea cycle disorder. You should also tell your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. This medicine can cause serious harm to an unborn baby, so effective contraception is recommended for women of childbearing age. Do not drive or operate heavy machinery until you know how this medicine affects you, as it can cause drowsiness or dizziness. Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medicine, as it can increase the risk of side effects and seizures. Do not stop taking this medicine suddenly without consulting your doctor, as this can cause withdrawal seizures. Regular blood tests may be needed to monitor your liver function, blood counts, and drug levels. Keep all appointments with your healthcare provider and take the medicine exactly as prescribed.

👴 Special Considerations for Elderly

💡 For Patients Above 65

Elderly patients may be more sensitive to the side effects of this medicine, especially drowsiness, dizziness, and tremors. They may also have reduced liver and kidney function, requiring lower doses. Regular monitoring is essential. Falls risk may be increased due to dizziness.

🤰 Pregnancy Planning (TTC)

If you are planning to become pregnant, consult your doctor well in advance. This medicine can cause serious birth defects. Your doctor may switch you to a safer alternative or adjust the dose. Use effective contraception while taking this medicine. Folic acid supplements may be recommended.

🏥 Post-Surgery Considerations

Inform your surgeon and anesthesiologist that you are taking this medicine. It may interact with anesthetic agents and affect blood clotting. Your doctor may advise you to stop the medicine temporarily before surgery, but never do so without medical advice.

🦷 Dental Procedures

Inform your dentist that you are taking this medicine. It can cause bleeding tendencies, so dental procedures may need precautions. Good oral hygiene is important as this medicine can cause gum problems.

💚 Lifestyle Tips for Better Results

🏃
Maintain a healthy weight through balanced diet and exercise.
🥗
Get adequate sleep to help reduce seizure frequency.
😴
Avoid alcohol and recreational drugs.
💧
Manage stress through relaxation techniques like yoga or meditation.
🧘
Take calcium and vitamin D supplements if advised by your doctor to protect bone health.
🌞
Wear a medical alert bracelet to inform others of your condition.

🏋️ Exercise Considerations

This medicine may cause drowsiness or dizziness. Avoid activities that require alertness, such as driving or operating heavy machinery, until you know how it affects you. Exercise is generally safe, but take precautions to avoid injury if you have seizures.

🥗 Diet Recommendations

Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Include calcium-rich foods to support bone health.
Limit caffeine and alcohol intake.
Stay well hydrated.
If you have nausea, eat small, frequent meals.

💼 Impact on Daily Work & Life

This medicine can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and difficulty concentrating, which may affect your ability to work or drive. It is important to discuss your job requirements with your doctor. You may need to adjust your work schedule or tasks until you know how the medicine affects you. Avoid operating heavy machinery or driving until you are sure it is safe.

🛑 When to Stop This Medicine

Do not stop taking this medicine without consulting your doctor. Abrupt discontinuation can cause withdrawal seizures or worsening of your condition. Your doctor will gradually reduce the dose if it is appropriate to stop. If you experience serious side effects, contact your doctor immediately for guidance.

📅 Long-Term Use Effects

Long-term use of this medicine may lead to decreased bone mineral density, increasing the risk of fractures. It can also cause weight gain, hair loss, and tremors. Regular monitoring of liver function, blood counts, and drug levels is necessary. Some patients may experience cognitive effects. It is important to have regular follow-ups with your doctor to assess the benefits and risks of continued treatment.

🌿 Non-Medicine Approaches

These can complement medicine but do not replace prescribed treatment.

Ketogenic diet

A high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that can help control seizures in some patients, especially children.

Evidence: Well-established for certain types of epilepsy
Vagus nerve stimulation

A device implanted under the skin that sends electrical signals to the vagus nerve to reduce seizures.

Evidence: Well-established for refractory epilepsy
Cognitive behavioral therapy

Can help manage mood symptoms in bipolar disorder alongside medication.

Evidence: Well-established

💉 Vaccination Considerations

💉 If You're Getting Vaccinated

This medicine does not generally interact with vaccines. However, if you have a weakened immune system, consult your doctor before receiving live vaccines. Routine vaccinations are recommended as per standard guidelines.

📦 Storage Guide

✅ DO

Store at room temperature (15-30°C)

❌ DON'T

Do not refrigerate unless specified

✅ DO

Keep in original container

❌ DON'T

Do not transfer to unmarked containers

✅ DO

Keep away from direct sunlight

❌ DON'T

Do not store in bathroom cabinet

✈️ Traveling with This Medicine

When traveling, carry this medicine in its original packaging with a copy of your prescription. Keep it in your carry-on luggage to avoid loss. Store at room temperature and protect from extreme heat or cold. If crossing time zones, consult your doctor about adjusting dosing times. Check local customs regulations for controlled substances. Always carry enough supply for your entire trip.

💰 Cost Analysis & Savings

👥 Real Patient Stories

Educational, anonymized scenarios. Individual results may vary.

👤 A 35-year-old woman with epilepsy
She had frequent generalized seizures that affected her daily life. Her doctor prescribed this medicine, starting at a low dose and gradually increasing. After a few weeks, her seizures became well-controlled. She experienced mild nausea initially, which subsided when she started taking the medicine with food. She emphasizes the importance of regular blood tests and never missing a dose.
💡 Lesson: Consistent dosing and regular monitoring are key to controlling seizures and minimizing side effects.
👤 A 50-year-old man with bipolar disorder
He struggled with severe mood swings and manic episodes. This medicine was added to his treatment plan. It took about a month to notice a significant stabilization in his mood. He had to stop drinking alcohol completely, which was challenging but improved his overall health. He advises others to be patient and communicate openly with their doctor about side effects.
💡 Lesson: Full therapeutic benefits may take time, and lifestyle changes like avoiding alcohol are crucial for success.

💬 Questions Patients Often Ask

Q: How long does it take to work?

A: For seizures, it may start working within a few days, but full effect may take weeks. For mood stabilization, it may take several weeks. For migraine prevention, it may take up to 3 months.

Q: Can I stop taking this medicine if I feel better?

A: No, you should never stop taking this medicine suddenly without consulting your doctor, as it can cause withdrawal seizures or worsening of symptoms.

Q: What should I do if I miss a dose?

A: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double dose.

Q: Is it safe to take during pregnancy?

A: This medicine can cause serious birth defects and should be avoided during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary. Consult your doctor if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.

🤔 Common Patient Concerns

💭 These are the concerns patients most commonly raise

  • Can I take this medicine long-term?
  • Will it affect my liver function?
  • Can I drive after taking this medicine?
  • Does it interact with my blood pressure medicine?
  • What if I miss a dose?
  • Can I drink alcohol while taking this?
  • Will it cause weight gain?
  • Is it safe during pregnancy?

🔄 Substitutes for raival 500mg tablet er

View All

Alternative brands with exact same active ingredient:

Medical Note: Always consult your doctor before switching medications.

🛑 Myths vs. Facts

  • Myth: Valproic acid is safe to take during pregnancy.
    Fact: Valproic acid can cause serious birth defects and should be avoided during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary.
  • Myth: You can stop taking valproic acid suddenly if you feel better.
    Fact: Stopping suddenly can cause withdrawal seizures. Always consult your doctor before stopping.
  • Myth: Valproic acid is only for epilepsy.
    Fact: It is also used for bipolar disorder and migraine prevention.

🔄 Alternative Options

Generic Alternatives

  • Valproic acid 500 mg tablet

Brand Alternatives

  • Diovat XR 500mg Tablet

📊 Comparison with Similar Medicines

[{"medicine":"Valproic acid","class":"Antiepileptic","main_uses":"Epilepsy, bipolar disorder, migraine","half_life":"9-16 hours"},{"medicine":"Carbamazepine","class":"Antiepileptic","main_uses":"Epilepsy, bipolar disorder, trigeminal neuralgia","half_life":"25-65 hours"},{"medicine":"Lamotrigine","class":"Antiepileptic","main_uses":"Epilepsy, bipolar disorder","half_life":"25-30 hours"}]

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