insupio 7.5mg tablet - Pioglitazone (7.5mg) medicine

Pioglitazone 7.5mg Tablet: Complete Guide to Uses, Side Effects, and Safety

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🏭 Remedy Life Sciences India Pvt Ltd 📦 Varies by brand 💊 Allopathy 📅 Updated: Sep 27, 2026
⚠️ Hepatotoxicity Risk 📋 Prescription Required 💊 Generic Available
Medically Reviewed
11 min read
Evidence: Well-established
Reviewed by
SaathiMed Expert Panel | Sep 27, 2026
🩺
Medically Fact-Checked & Clinically Verified by SaathiMed Clinical Review Board
Clinical Reference Standards: CDSCO (Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation), Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP) & WHO | Last Updated: September 2026

When to Call Your Doctor IMMEDIATELY

  • Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
  • Rapid weight gain or swelling of ankles, legs, or abdomen
  • Yellowing of skin or eyes (jaundice)
  • Dark urine or blood in urine
  • Severe abdominal pain or persistent nausea
  • Sudden vision changes or blurred vision
  • Chest pain or irregular heartbeat
  • Severe hypoglycemia symptoms (confusion, sweating, shakiness)

If experiencing severe symptoms, call emergency services immediately.

What is insupio 7.5mg tablet used for?

Pioglitazone 7.5 mg is an oral antidiabetic medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity. It is taken once daily and requires regular monitoring of blood sugar, liver function, and heart health.

  • Generic Name: Pioglitazone (7.5mg)
  • Manufacturer: Remedy Life Sciences India Pvt Ltd
  • Form: Allopathy
  • Pregnancy Category: Consult doctor
  • Prescription Required: Yes

🇮🇳 insupio 7.5mg tablet के बारे में (Hindi Summary)

उपयोग: यह दवा पियोग्लिटाज़ोन 7.5 मिलीग्राम टैबलेट के रूप में टाइप 2 डायबिटीज (मधुमेह) के इलाज के लिए इस्तेमाल की जाती है। यह शरीर में इंसुलिन के प्रति संवेदनशीलता बढ़ाकर रक्त शर्करा को नियंत्रित करने में मदद करती है। इसे आमतौर पर मेटफॉर्मिन, सल्फोनिलयूरिया या इंसुलिन के साथ या अकेले भी लिया जा सकता है। यह दवा उन लोगों के लिए नहीं है जिन्हें हृदय विफलता, सक्रिय यकृत रोग या मूत्राशय कैंसर है। इसे डॉक्टर के परामर्श के बिना नहीं लेना चाहिए।

साइड इफेक्ट्स: इस दवा के सामान्य दुष्प्रभावों में वजन बढ़ना, पैरों में सूजन, सिरदर्द और ऊपरी श्वसन संक्रमण शामिल हैं। गंभीर दुष्प्रभावों में हृदय विफलता, यकृत की क्षति, मूत्राशय कैंसर का खतरा और दृष्टि में बदलाव हो सकते हैं। यदि आपको सांस लेने में कठिनाई, पैरों में अचानक सूजन, पेशाब में खून, या त्वचा का पीलापन दिखे तो तुरंत डॉक्टर से संपर्क करें।

सुरक्षा सलाह: इस दवा को डॉक्टर के बताए अनुसार ही लें। खुराक को कभी न बदलें और न ही अचानक बंद करें। इसे पानी के साथ निगलें, भोजन के साथ या बिना भी ले सकते हैं। यदि खुराक छूट जाए तो याद आते ही ले लें, लेकिन अगली खुराक का समय नजदीक हो तो छोड़ दें। शराब से बचें क्योंकि इससे रक्त शर्करा और यकृत की समस्याएं बढ़ सकती हैं। नियमित रूप से रक्त शर्करा, यकृत कार्य और वजन की जांच कराएं। गर्भवती या स्तनपान कराने वाली महिलाएं इस दवा का उपयोग न करें।

💡 Did You Know? The Indian pharmaceutical market is expected to reach $130 billion by 2030.

💊 insupio 7.5mg tablet Uses & Benefits

  • [{"condition":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","description":"Improves glycemic control by enhancing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues and reducing hepatic glucose output.
  • Used as monotherapy or in combination with metformin, sulfonylureas, or insulin.","evidence":"Well-established"},{"condition":"Insulin Resistance Syndrome","description":"Addresses underlying insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, though not a primary indication.","evidence":"Moderate"}]

Off-label uses: [{"condition":"Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)","description":"Pioglitazone has been studied for improving liver histology in NASH, but it is not approved for this use.","evidence":"Limited"},{"condition":"Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","description":"May improve insulin sensitivity and ovulation in women with PCOS, but it is not a standard treatment.","evidence":"Limited"}]

Primary treatment for: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Also treats: Insulin resistance, Metabolic syndrome, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

📋 Drug Information

Generic Name(s)Pioglitazone (7.5mg)
Brand Nameinsupio 7.5mg tablet
ManufacturerRemedy Life Sciences India Pvt Ltd
Packaging / FormVaries by brand (Allopathy)
Therapeutic ClassANTI DIABETIC
Action ClassThiazolidinedione(PPAR gamma agonist)
Route of AdministrationOral
StorageStore at room temperature between 15°C and 30°C (59°F to 86°F). Keep in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Shelf Life24 months from the date of manufacture.
WHO GuidelineNot established from the available information.
ICMR GuidelineNot established from the available information.

👨‍⚕️ Doctor's Practical Tips

Evidence-based practical advice from experienced clinicians

1
Take this medicine at the same time each day to maintain consistent blood levels.
2
Monitor your weight regularly and report rapid weight gain or swelling to your doctor.
3
Check your blood sugar as advised and keep a log to share with your doctor.
4
Inform your doctor if you have a history of heart failure, liver disease, or bladder cancer.
5
Report any vision changes, blood in urine, or persistent nausea immediately.
6
Follow a healthy diet and exercise regularly to maximize the benefits of this medicine.
7
Do not stop taking this medicine without consulting your doctor, even if you feel better.

🔍 Is This Medicine Right for Your Symptom?

Educational reference. Always consult a doctor for diagnosis.

✅
High blood sugar (type 2 diabetes)
This medicine is commonly prescribed for this.
Likely Use
✅
Insulin resistance
This medicine improves insulin sensitivity.
Likely Use
❌
Fever
This medicine is not a primary fever reducer.
Not Primary
❌
Type 1 diabetes
This medicine is not indicated for type 1 diabetes.
Not Primary

🔬 How This Medicine Works (Pharmacology)

Pharmacokinetics

AbsorptionPioglitazone is well absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations occurring within 2 hours. Food does not significantly affect the extent of absorption, but may delay the time to peak concentration.
DistributionPioglitazone is highly protein-bound and distributes widely into body tissues. It has a volume of distribution of approximately 0.25 L/kg.
Protein BindingPioglitazone is more than 99% bound to plasma proteins, primarily albumin.
MetabolismPioglitazone is extensively metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 enzymes, primarily CYP2C8 and CYP3A4, into active and inactive metabolites. The active metabolites also contribute to the pharmacological effect.
Half-LifeThe elimination half-life of pioglitazone is approximately 3 to 7 hours, while its active metabolites have longer half-lives, contributing to prolonged effects.
ExcretionPioglitazone and its metabolites are excreted primarily in the bile and feces, with a small amount excreted in urine.
BioavailabilityThe absolute bioavailability of pioglitazone is approximately 83%.
Onset of ActionThe onset of blood glucose-lowering effect is gradual, typically taking several days to weeks to observe significant improvement.
Peak Plasma TimePeak plasma concentrations are reached within 2 hours after oral administration.
Duration of ActionThe glucose-lowering effect persists for more than 24 hours, allowing once-daily dosing.

How It Works

Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that acts as a selective agonist at peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). Activation of PPAR-γ in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver modulates the transcription of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. This leads to increased insulin sensitivity, enhanced glucose uptake in peripheral tissues, and decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis. It also affects adipocyte differentiation and fatty acid storage, contributing to its metabolic effects.

Mechanism Steps

1
PPAR-γ binding: Pioglitazone binds to and activates PPAR-γ, a nuclear receptor found in adipose tissue, muscle, and liver.
2
Gene transcription modulation: Activated PPAR-γ forms a heterodimer with retinoid X receptor (RXR) and binds to DNA response elements, altering the transcription of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism.
3
Increased insulin sensitivity: This leads to increased expression of glucose transporters (e.g., GLUT4) and enhanced insulin signaling, improving glucose uptake in muscle and fat cells.
4
Reduced hepatic glucose output: Pioglitazone suppresses gluconeogenesis in the liver, contributing to lower blood glucose levels.
5
Metabolic effects: The overall effect is improved glycemic control, reduced insulin resistance, and favorable changes in lipid profiles.

💡 How to Take insupio 7.5mg tablet

Strength: Pioglitazone 7.5 mg immediate-release tablet.

1Take this medicine exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
2Swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water.
3You may take it with or without food.
4Take it at the same time each day to maintain consistent blood levels.
5Do not crush, chew, or break the tablet unless instructed.
6If you miss a dose, follow the missed dose instructions.
7Do not stop taking this medicine without consulting your doctor.

Dosage Information

Adult DosageThe usual starting dose of pioglitazone is 15 mg or 30 mg once daily, taken with or without food. The dose may be increased up to a maximum of 45 mg once daily based on blood sugar response and tolerability. For patients with heart failure or liver disease, lower doses or alternative therapies are recommended. Dose must be individualized by a qualified clinician based on indication, age, weight, renal and hepatic function, and concomitant medications.
Pediatric DosagePediatric dosing is not established from available information. Consult a pediatrician.
Elderly DosageNo specific dose adjustment is required for elderly patients based solely on age. However, elderly patients may be more susceptible to fluid retention and heart failure. Start with a lower dose and monitor closely. Dose must be individualized by a qualified clinician.
Renal ImpairmentNo dose adjustment is necessary for patients with mild to moderate renal impairment. In patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min), pioglitazone should be used with caution and dose adjustment may be considered. Dose must be individualized by a qualified clinician.
Hepatic ImpairmentPioglitazone is contraindicated in patients with active liver disease or jaundice. In patients with mild hepatic impairment, no dose adjustment is needed, but liver function should be monitored. In moderate to severe hepatic impairment, use is not recommended. Dose must be individualized by a qualified clinician.
Maximum Daily Dose45 mg once daily.

Dosage Timeline

🌅 Morning ❌ ☀️ Afternoon ❌ 🌆 Evening ❌ 🌙 Night ❌

🍽️ Food Timing Guide

With or without food
Take at the same time each day
Food does not significantly affect absorption, but consistency helps maintain blood levels.
Grapefruit juice
Avoid excessive intake
May increase pioglitazone levels by inhibiting CYP3A4.
High-fat meals
May delay absorption
High-fat meals can delay the time to peak concentration.

⏰ What to Do If You Miss a Dose

📌 Less than half the dosing interval has passed
→ Take the missed dose as soon as you remember.
💡 Continue with the regular schedule.
📌 More than half the dosing interval has passed
→ Skip the missed dose.
💡 Do not double dose to catch up.

⚠️ Side Effects of insupio 7.5mg tablet

✅ Common Side Effects

Weight gain (Common (5-10%))
Monitor weight and discuss with your doctor if weight gain is excessive or accompanied by swelling.
Edema (fluid retention) (Common (5-10%))
Report swelling of ankles, legs, or rapid weight gain to your doctor promptly.
Headache (Common (5-10%))
Usually resolves on its own. Consult your doctor if it persists or is severe.
Upper respiratory tract infection (Common (5-10%))
Symptomatic treatment is usually sufficient. Consult a doctor if symptoms worsen.
Muscle pain (Uncommon (1-5%))
Report persistent muscle pain to your doctor, especially if accompanied by dark urine.

🚨 Serious Side Effects

Congestive heart failure (Uncommon (1-5%))
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience shortness of breath, rapid weight gain, or swelling of legs.
Liver injury (Rare (<0.1%))
Report yellowing of skin or eyes, dark urine, or abdominal pain immediately.
Bladder cancer (Rare (<0.1%))
Report blood in urine or painful urination to your doctor promptly.
Macular edema (Rare (<0.1%))
Report any sudden vision changes or blurred vision to your doctor.
Fractures (Uncommon (1-5%))
Ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake; report any bone pain or fractures.

⚠️ Rare Side Effects

Severe hypoglycemia
If taking with insulin or sulfonylureas, monitor blood sugar closely and report symptoms like shakiness, sweating, or confusion.
Anemia
Periodic blood counts may be checked; report unusual fatigue or paleness.
New or worsening diabetic macular edema
Regular eye exams are recommended; report any vision changes.

Consult your doctor if you experience any unusual symptoms.

🔬 Drug Interactions

Drug Severity Effect
Insulin Major
Glimepiride Major
Gemfibrozil Major
Rifampin Major
Atorvastatin Moderate
Ketoconazole Moderate
Trimethoprim Moderate
Midazolam Minor
Oral contraceptives Minor
Warfarin Minor

🚨 Major Interactions

  • Insulin
  • Sulfonylureas (e.g., glimepiride)
  • Gemfibrozil
  • Rifampin

⚡ Moderate Interactions

  • Atorvastatin
  • Ketoconazole
  • Trimethoprim

🍷 Alcohol Interaction

Alcohol may increase the risk of hypoglycemia and liver problems when taken with this medicine. It is advisable to limit or avoid alcohol consumption while on this medicine.

🔎 Check Your Other Medicines

Educational tool. Always confirm with your doctor or pharmacist.

🛡️ Safety & Warnings

🚫 Contraindications

["Hypersensitivity to pioglitazone or any component of the formulation","Symptomatic heart failure (NYHA Class III or IV)","Active liver disease or jaundice","Type 1 diabetes mellitus","Diabetic ketoacidosis","History of bladder cancer","Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance

⚠️ Warnings & Precautions

["May cause fluid retention and precipitate heart failure; monitor closely.","Risk of hypoglycemia when used with insulin or sulfonylureas; dose adjustment may be needed.","May increase risk of fractures, especially in postmenopausal women.","Rare risk of bladder cancer; report blood in urine or painful urination.","May cause liver injury; monitor liver enzymes.","May cause macular edema; report vision changes.","Weight gain is common; monitor weight and manage with diet and exercise.","Not recommended for use in patients with active liver disease.","Use with caution in elderly patients; monitor for fluid retention and heart failure.","May reduce effectiveness of oral contraceptives; use additional contraception."]

🤱 Lactation Safety

It is not known whether pioglitazone is excreted in human breast milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the medicine, taking into account the importance of the medicine to the mother.

💊 Overdose Management

Overdose with pioglitazone may cause hypoglycemia, fluid retention, and heart failure. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic. Monitor blood glucose, vital signs, and cardiac status. In case of severe hypoglycemia, administer intravenous glucose. Contact a poison control center or emergency department immediately if overdose is suspected.

⏰ Missed Dose

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take two doses at the same time to make up for a missed dose.

Additional Safety Advice

General Safety

Take this medicine exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not change the dose or stop taking it without medical advice. Swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water, with or without food. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, but skip it if it is almost time for the next dose; never double the dose. Inform your doctor if you have a history of heart failure, liver disease, bladder cancer, or kidney problems. Regular monitoring of liver enzymes, blood sugar, and weight is important. Report any unusual symptoms such as swelling, shortness of breath, or dark urine immediately. Avoid alcohol as it may increase the risk of liver problems and low blood sugar. Use effective contraception if you are a woman of childbearing age, as this medicine may not be safe during pregnancy. Do not share this medicine with others, even if they have similar symptoms.

👴 Special Considerations for Elderly

💡 For Patients Above 65

Elderly patients may be more susceptible to fluid retention, heart failure, and fractures. Start with a lower dose and monitor closely for side effects. Regular assessment of renal and hepatic function is recommended.

🤰 Pregnancy Planning (TTC)

Pioglitazone is not recommended during pregnancy. If you are planning pregnancy, consult your doctor to switch to a safer alternative, such as insulin. Effective contraception should be used while taking this medicine.

🏥 Post-Surgery Considerations

Inform your surgeon and anesthesiologist that you are taking pioglitazone. It may need to be temporarily stopped before surgery due to the risk of fluid retention and hypoglycemia. Follow your doctor's instructions.

🦷 Dental Procedures

Inform your dentist that you are taking pioglitazone. No specific precautions are usually needed, but maintain good oral hygiene and monitor blood sugar levels.

💚 Lifestyle Tips for Better Results

🏃
Maintain a healthy weight through diet and exercise.
🥗
Engage in regular physical activity, such as brisk walking or swimming.
😴
Monitor your blood sugar regularly as advised.
💧
Follow a balanced diet rich in fiber, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
🧘
Limit salt intake to reduce fluid retention.
🌞
Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption.
🚭
Get adequate sleep and manage stress.

🏋️ Exercise Considerations

Exercise is beneficial for diabetes management, but if you experience dizziness, shortness of breath, or swelling, stop and consult your doctor. Stay hydrated and monitor your blood sugar before and after exercise.

🥗 Diet Recommendations

Include plenty of non-starchy vegetables.
Choose whole grains over refined carbohydrates.
Limit sugary drinks and processed foods.
Include lean proteins like fish, chicken, and legumes.
Use healthy fats like olive oil and nuts.
Reduce salt intake to manage fluid retention.

💼 Impact on Daily Work & Life

This medicine may cause dizziness or fatigue in some people. Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how it affects you. It is generally safe to continue your daily activities, but monitor for side effects.

🛑 When to Stop This Medicine

Do not stop taking this medicine without consulting your doctor. If you experience serious side effects such as heart failure symptoms, liver problems, or blood in urine, contact your doctor immediately. Your doctor may adjust the dose or switch to another medicine.

📅 Long-Term Use Effects

Long-term use of pioglitazone may lead to weight gain, fluid retention, increased risk of fractures, and possibly bladder cancer. Regular monitoring of liver function, blood sugar, and heart failure symptoms is essential. The benefits of improved glycemic control should be weighed against these risks. Periodic reassessment by your doctor is recommended.

🌿 Non-Medicine Approaches

These can complement medicine but do not replace prescribed treatment.

Lifestyle modifications

Diet and exercise are cornerstone treatments for type 2 diabetes and can reduce the need for medication.

Evidence: Well-established
Other oral antidiabetics

Metformin, sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and GLP-1 receptor agonists are alternatives.

Evidence: Well-established
Insulin therapy

May be required if oral agents fail to control blood sugar.

Evidence: Well-established

💉 Vaccination Considerations

💉 If You're Getting Vaccinated

No specific vaccine interactions are known. However, patients with diabetes should stay up to date with recommended vaccinations, including influenza and pneumococcal vaccines.

📦 Storage Guide

✅ DO

Store at room temperature (15-30°C)

❌ DON'T

Do not refrigerate unless specified

✅ DO

Keep in original container

❌ DON'T

Do not transfer to unmarked containers

✅ DO

Keep away from direct sunlight

❌ DON'T

Do not store in bathroom cabinet

✅ DO

Keep out of reach of children

❌ DON'T

Do not use after expiry date

✈️ Traveling with This Medicine

Carry this medicine in its original packaging with a copy of your prescription. Store it at room temperature and protect it from moisture and direct sunlight. If traveling across time zones, consult your doctor about adjusting the timing of your dose. Keep enough supply for the entire trip and carry it in your hand luggage. Check local customs regulations for carrying prescription medicines.

💰 Cost Analysis & Savings

👥 Real Patient Stories

Educational, anonymized scenarios. Individual results may vary.

👤 A 52-year-old man with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance
He was prescribed Pioglitazone 7.5 mg as an add-on to metformin. After 3 months, his HbA1c dropped from 8.5% to 7.2%. He experienced mild weight gain and ankle swelling, which were managed by reducing salt intake and adjusting the dose. He emphasized the importance of regular monitoring.
💡 Lesson: Pioglitazone can effectively lower blood sugar when combined with metformin, but side effects like weight gain and edema require monitoring and lifestyle adjustments.
👤 A 60-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and a history of heart disease
She was started on Pioglitazone 7.5 mg but developed shortness of breath and leg swelling within 2 weeks. Her doctor discontinued the medicine and switched to a different antidiabetic agent. She recovered fully after stopping the medicine.
💡 Lesson: Pioglitazone is not suitable for patients with heart disease. Always inform your doctor about your medical history before starting this medicine.

💬 Questions Patients Often Ask

Q: How long does it take to work?

A: Pioglitazone starts lowering blood sugar within a few days, but it may take 2 to 3 months to see the full effect on HbA1c. Regular monitoring is important.

Q: Can I take this medicine with metformin?

A: Yes, pioglitazone is often prescribed with metformin. Your doctor will determine the right combination and dose for you.

Q: Will I gain weight on this medicine?

A: Weight gain is a common side effect due to fluid retention and fat accumulation. A healthy diet and regular exercise can help manage it.

Q: Is this medicine safe for my heart?

A: Pioglitazone can cause fluid retention and worsen heart failure. It is not recommended for patients with symptomatic heart failure. Inform your doctor about any heart conditions.

Q: Can I stop taking this medicine if my sugar is controlled?

A: Do not stop without consulting your doctor. Diabetes is a chronic condition and stopping suddenly can cause blood sugar to rise.

🤔 Common Patient Concerns

💭 These are the concerns patients most commonly raise

  • Can I take this medicine long-term?
  • Will it affect my kidney function?
  • Can I drive after taking this medicine?
  • Does it interact with my blood pressure medicine?
  • What if I miss a dose?
  • Can I drink alcohol while taking this?
  • Does it cause weight gain?
  • Is it safe for my heart?

🔄 Substitutes for insupio 7.5mg tablet

View All

Alternative brands with exact same active ingredient:

Medical Note: Always consult your doctor before switching medications.

🛑 Myths vs. Facts

  • Myth: Pioglitazone is a cure for diabetes.
    Fact: Pioglitazone helps control blood sugar but does not cure diabetes. It must be used along with diet, exercise, and other medicines as prescribed.
  • Myth: Pioglitazone can be taken without a prescription.
    Fact: Pioglitazone is a prescription medicine and should only be taken under medical supervision.
  • Myth: Pioglitazone causes weight loss.
    Fact: Pioglitazone often causes weight gain due to fluid retention and fat accumulation.
  • Myth: Pioglitazone is safe for everyone with diabetes.
    Fact: Pioglitazone is not safe for people with heart failure, liver disease, or bladder cancer.

🔄 Alternative Options

Generic Alternatives

  • Pioglitazone 7.5 mg tablet
  • Pioglitazone 15 mg tablet
  • Pioglitazone 30 mg tablet

Brand Alternatives

  • Pioz 7.5 mg tablet
  • Piosafe 7.5 mg tablet
  • Pioglar 7.5 mg tablet

📊 Comparison with Similar Medicines

[{"medicine":"Pioglitazone","class":"Thiazolidinedione","mechanism":"PPAR-γ agonist","common_side_effects":"Weight gain, edema, headache","cost":"Low to moderate"},{"medicine":"Metformin","class":"Biguanide","mechanism":"Decreases hepatic glucose production","common_side_effects":"GI upset, diarrhea","cost":"Low"},{"medicine":"Glimepiride","class":"Sulfonylurea","mechanism":"Increases insulin secretion","common_side_effects":"Hypoglycemia, weight gain","cost":"Low"},{"medicine":"Sitagliptin","class":"DPP-4 inhibitor","mechanism":"Increases incretin levels","common_side_effects":"Headache, nasopharyngitis","cost":"Moderate to high"}]

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