ibitrop nexhaler - Formoterol (6mcg) + Tiotropium (9mcg) medicine

Divitrop F 6mcg/9mcg Inhaler: Complete Guide to Uses, Side Effects, and Safety

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🏭 Indiabulls pharmaceutical ltd 📦 Varies by brand 💊 Allopathy 📅 Updated: Sep 26, 2026
📋 Prescription Required 💊 Generic Available
Medically Reviewed
11 min read
Evidence: Moderate to high for COPD; limited for asthma as combination.
Reviewed by
SaathiMed Expert Panel | Sep 26, 2026
🩺
Medically Fact-Checked & Clinically Verified by SaathiMed Clinical Review Board
Clinical Reference Standards: CDSCO (Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation), Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP) & WHO | Last Updated: September 2026

When to Call Your Doctor IMMEDIATELY

  • Sudden worsening of breathing or wheezing immediately after using the inhaler
  • Severe chest pain or palpitations
  • Signs of a severe allergic reaction: rash, swelling of face, lips, or throat, difficulty breathing
  • Fever, chills, increased cough, or difficulty breathing (possible pneumonia)
  • Difficulty urinating or severe eye pain (anticholinergic effects)
  • Irregular heartbeat or fainting
  • Yellowing of skin or eyes (jaundice)

If experiencing severe symptoms, call emergency services immediately.

What is ibitrop nexhaler used for?

This medicine is a combination inhaler containing formoterol (a LABA) and tiotropium (a LAMA). It is used for maintenance treatment of COPD and severe asthma. It works by relaxing airway muscles to make breathing easier. It is not a rescue inhaler.

  • Generic Name: Formoterol (6mcg) + Tiotropium (9mcg)
  • Manufacturer: Indiabulls pharmaceutical ltd
  • Form: Allopathy
  • Pregnancy Category: Consult doctor
  • Prescription Required: Yes

🇮🇳 ibitrop nexhaler के बारे में (Hindi Summary)

उपयोग: यह दवा फोर्मोटेरोल और टायोट्रोपियम का संयोजन है, जिसका उपयोग क्रोनिक ऑब्सट्रक्टिव पल्मोनरी डिजीज (सीओपीडी) और गंभीर अस्थमा के रखरखाव उपचार के लिए किया जाता है। यह सांस की नली की मांसपेशियों को आराम देकर सांस लेना आसान बनाती है। यह दवा तुरंत सांस की तकलीफ के लिए नहीं है, बल्कि नियमित उपयोग के लिए है। इसे डॉक्टर के निर्देशानुसार ही लें।

साइड इफेक्ट्स: इस दवा के सामान्य दुष्प्रभावों में गले में खराश, सिरदर्द, पीठ दर्द, खांसी और मुंह सूखना शामिल हैं। ये आमतौर पर हल्के होते हैं और कुछ समय में ठीक हो जाते हैं। गंभीर दुष्प्रभावों में दिल की धड़कन तेज होना, सीने में दर्द, एलर्जी की प्रतिक्रिया, और सांस लेने में कठिनाई शामिल हैं। अगर ऐसा कुछ हो, तो तुरंत डॉक्टर से संपर्क करें।

सुरक्षा सलाह: इस दवा का उपयोग डॉक्टर के बताए अनुसार ही करें। इसे तुरंत सांस की तकलीफ के लिए रेस्क्यू इनहेलर की तरह न लें। हर बार इनहेलर लेने के बाद मुंह को पानी से धोएं। दवा की खुराक न बढ़ाएं। अगर आपको दिल, किडनी, लिवर या डायबिटीज की समस्या है, तो डॉक्टर को बताएं। गर्भावस्था या स्तनपान के दौरान डॉक्टर से सलाह लें।

💡 Did You Know? The first generic medicine was introduced in India in 1970 after the Patents Act was amended.

💊 ibitrop nexhaler Uses & Benefits

  • [{"condition":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)","description":"This medicine is used for long-term maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with COPD, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
  • It helps improve lung function and reduces symptoms such as shortness of breath and wheezing.","evidence":"Well-established"},{"condition":"Asthma (maintenance therapy)","description":"This medicine may be prescribed as part of a combination regimen with an inhaled corticosteroid for patients with severe asthma whose symptoms are not controlled by other treatments.
  • It is not for acute asthma attacks.","evidence":"Established for use with inhaled corticosteroids"}]

Off-label uses: [{"condition":"Bronchiectasis","description":"Sometimes prescribed off-label to help with airway obstruction in bronchiectasis, though evidence is limited.","evidence":"Limited"}]

Primary treatment for: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Also treats: Asthma (severe, as add-on therapy)

📋 Drug Information

Generic Name(s)Formoterol (6mcg) + Tiotropium (9mcg)
Brand Nameibitrop nexhaler
ManufacturerIndiabulls pharmaceutical ltd
Packaging / FormVaries by brand (Allopathy)
Therapeutic ClassRESPIRATORY
Action Class
Route of AdministrationInhalation
StorageStore at room temperature (15-30°C) in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and heat. Do not refrigerate or freeze. Keep the inhaler in its original packaging to protect from moisture. Do not puncture or incinerate the canister.
Shelf Life24 months from the date of manufacture, or as printed on the packaging.
WHO GuidelineNot established from the available information. Guidelines recommend LABA/LAMA combinations for COPD patients with persistent symptoms. Consult current guidelines.
ICMR GuidelineNot established from the available information. ICMR guidelines for COPD management may include LABA/LAMA combinations. Consult current guidelines.

👨‍⚕️ Doctor's Practical Tips

Evidence-based practical advice from experienced clinicians

1
Instruct patients to rinse their mouth with water after each inhalation to prevent oral thrush.
2
Emphasize that this inhaler is for maintenance, not for acute symptom relief; ensure patients have a rescue inhaler.
3
Monitor heart rate and blood pressure regularly, especially in patients with cardiovascular disease.
4
Check serum potassium levels periodically, particularly if the patient is on diuretics or corticosteroids.
5
Advise patients not to stop the inhaler abruptly without medical consultation, as symptoms may worsen.
6
Educate patients on proper inhaler technique to ensure effective drug delivery.
7
Assess for signs of pneumonia in COPD patients, as tiotropium may increase the risk.

🔍 Is This Medicine Right for Your Symptom?

Educational reference. Always consult a doctor for diagnosis.

✅
Chronic shortness of breath
This medicine is commonly prescribed for this.
Likely Use
✅
Wheezing
This medicine helps relieve wheezing in COPD and asthma.
Likely Use
❌
Acute breathing attack
This medicine is not for immediate relief; use a rescue inhaler.
Not Primary
❌
Fever
This medicine is not a fever reducer.
Not Primary

🔬 How This Medicine Works (Pharmacology)

Pharmacokinetics

AbsorptionAfter inhalation, formoterol is rapidly absorbed from the lungs into the bloodstream. Tiotropium is also absorbed from the lungs, but its systemic absorption is relatively low. The exact bioavailability of the combination inhaler is not established from the available information.
DistributionFormoterol is widely distributed in the body, with about 50% bound to plasma proteins. Tiotropium has a large volume of distribution and is highly bound to plasma proteins (about 72%). The distribution characteristics of the combination product are not established from the available information.
Protein BindingFormoterol is approximately 50% bound to plasma proteins. Tiotropium is approximately 72% bound to plasma proteins. The protein binding of the combination product is not established from the available information.
MetabolismFormoterol is primarily metabolized in the liver by glucuronidation and O-demethylation. Tiotropium is minimally metabolized, with a small fraction undergoing conjugation. The metabolic profile of the combination product is not established from the available information.
Half-LifeThe elimination half-life of formoterol is approximately 10-12 hours. The elimination half-life of tiotropium is approximately 5-6 days after inhalation. The half-life of the combination product is not established from the available information.
ExcretionFormoterol is excreted mainly in the urine and feces as metabolites. Tiotropium is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine. The excretion profile of the combination product is not established from the available information.
BioavailabilityThe bioavailability of formoterol after inhalation is approximately 20-25% due to swallowing and first-pass metabolism. The bioavailability of tiotropium after inhalation is approximately 20%. The bioavailability of the combination product is not established from the available information.
Onset of ActionFormoterol has a rapid onset of action, typically within 5-15 minutes after inhalation. Tiotropium has a slower onset, with effects becoming noticeable within 30 minutes. The onset of action of the combination product is not established from the available information.
Peak Plasma TimeFormoterol reaches peak plasma concentration within 10-20 minutes after inhalation. Tiotropium reaches peak plasma concentration within 5-7 minutes after inhalation. The peak plasma time of the combination product is not established from the available information.
Duration of ActionFormoterol provides bronchodilation for up to 12 hours. Tiotropium provides bronchodilation for up to 24 hours. The duration of action of the combination product is not established from the available information.

How It Works

This medicine combines two bronchodilators with different mechanisms of action. Formoterol, a long-acting beta-2 agonist, selectively stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors on airway smooth muscle cells, leading to relaxation and widening of the airways. Tiotropium, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist, blocks muscarinic receptors in the airways, preventing acetylcholine from causing bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion. Together, they provide sustained bronchodilation through complementary pathways, improving airflow and reducing symptoms in obstructive lung diseases.

Mechanism Steps

1
Formoterol binds to beta-2 receptors: Formoterol selectively binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors on the surface of airway smooth muscle cells, activating them.
2
Activation of intracellular signaling: This binding increases cyclic AMP levels inside the cells, which leads to relaxation of the smooth muscle.
3
Tiotropium blocks muscarinic receptors: Tiotropium binds to muscarinic receptors (mainly M3) on airway smooth muscle and submucosal glands, preventing acetylcholine from binding.
4
Prevention of bronchoconstriction: By blocking muscarinic receptors, tiotropium reduces vagal tone, leading to bronchodilation and decreased mucus secretion.
5
Synergistic bronchodilation: The combined action of formoterol and tiotropium results in greater and longer-lasting airway relaxation than either agent alone.

💡 How to Take ibitrop nexhaler

Strength: Inhaler containing formoterol 6 mcg and tiotropium 9 mcg per actuation.

1Remove the inhaler from its packaging and check the dose counter.
2Shake the inhaler well before each use.
3Breathe out fully to empty your lungs.
4Place the mouthpiece in your mouth and close your lips around it.
5Press the canister to release one puff while breathing in slowly and deeply.
6Hold your breath for about 10 seconds, then breathe out slowly.
7Rinse your mouth with water and spit it out to prevent oral thrush.
8Replace the cap and store the inhaler properly.

Dosage Information

Adult DosageThe usual adult dose of this medicine is one inhalation once daily, preferably at the same time each day. The dose may be adjusted by your doctor based on your condition and response to treatment. Do not exceed the prescribed dose. Dose must be individualized by a qualified clinician based on indication, age, weight, renal and hepatic function.
Pediatric DosagePediatric dosing is not established from available information. Consult a pediatrician.
Elderly DosageNo specific dose adjustment is required for elderly patients based on age alone. However, elderly patients may be more sensitive to the effects of this medicine, especially cardiac effects. Use with caution and monitor closely.
Renal ImpairmentTiotropium is primarily excreted by the kidneys. In patients with moderate to severe renal impairment, systemic exposure may increase. Use with caution and monitor renal function. Dose adjustment may be necessary as per clinician's judgment.
Hepatic ImpairmentFormoterol is metabolized in the liver. In patients with severe hepatic impairment, systemic exposure may increase. Use with caution and monitor for side effects. Dose adjustment may be necessary as per clinician's judgment.
Maximum Daily DoseThe maximum recommended daily dose is one inhalation of the 6 mcg/9 mcg strength. Do not exceed this dose unless specifically instructed by your doctor.

Dosage Timeline

🌅 Morning ❌ ☀️ Afternoon ❌ 🌆 Evening ❌ 🌙 Night ❌

🍽️ Food Timing Guide

Grapefruit juice
Avoid
May increase formoterol levels by affecting liver enzymes.
Caffeine
Limit
May increase heart rate and jitteriness.

⏰ What to Do If You Miss a Dose

📌 Less than 12 hours since missed dose
→ Take the missed dose as soon as you remember.
💡 Continue with the regular schedule.
📌 More than 12 hours since missed dose
→ Skip the missed dose.
💡 Do not double dose to catch up.

⚠️ Side Effects of ibitrop nexhaler

✅ Common Side Effects

Sore throat (Common (5-10%))
Rinse mouth after inhalation. If persistent, consult your doctor.
Headache (Common (5-10%))
Usually resolves on its own. Stay hydrated. Consult doctor if severe.
Back pain (Common (5-10%))
Mild pain relievers may help. Consult doctor if persistent.
Cough (Common (5-10%))
Usually temporary. If it worsens, contact your doctor.
Dry mouth (Common (5-10%))
Sip water frequently. Chew sugar-free gum. Consult doctor if severe.

🚨 Serious Side Effects

Paradoxical bronchospasm (Rare (<0.1%))
Stop using the inhaler immediately and seek emergency medical help if breathing worsens after use.
Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) (Rare (<0.1%))
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience rash, swelling of face, lips, or throat, or difficulty breathing.
Cardiac arrhythmias (Uncommon (0.1-1%))
Contact your doctor if you notice palpitations, irregular heartbeat, or chest pain.
Pneumonia (Uncommon (0.1-1%))
Report symptoms like fever, chills, increased cough, or difficulty breathing to your doctor promptly.

⚠️ Rare Side Effects

Hyperglycemia
Monitor blood sugar if diabetic. Consult doctor if levels rise.
Hypokalemia
Report muscle weakness or cramps to your doctor.
Urinary retention
Seek medical attention if you have difficulty urinating.
Glaucoma worsening
Report eye pain or vision changes immediately.

Consult your doctor if you experience any unusual symptoms.

🔬 Drug Interactions

Drug Severity Effect
Salbutamol Major
Furosemide Major
Propranolol Major
Prednisolone Moderate
Theophylline Moderate
Ipratropium Moderate
Cimetidine Minor
Ketoconazole Minor
Alcohol Moderate
Grapefruit juice Minor

🚨 Major Interactions

  • Other beta-agonists (e.g., salbutamol)
  • Non-potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g., furosemide)
  • MAO inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants
  • Beta-blockers (e.g., propranolol)

⚡ Moderate Interactions

  • Corticosteroids (oral or inhaled)
  • Xanthine derivatives (e.g., theophylline)
  • Anticholinergics (e.g., ipratropium)

🍷 Alcohol Interaction

Alcohol may increase the risk of dizziness, drowsiness, and changes in heart rate when used with this medicine. It is advisable to limit or avoid alcohol while using this inhaler.

🔎 Check Your Other Medicines

Educational tool. Always confirm with your doctor or pharmacist.

🛡️ Safety & Warnings

🚫 Contraindications

["Hypersensitivity to formoterol, tiotropium, or any component of the inhaler","Severe milk-protein allergy (if applicable to the specific product)","Acute bronchospasm requiring immediate rescue therapy","Children under 18 years for COPD indication"]

⚠️ Warnings & Precautions

["Do not use as a rescue inhaler for acute breathing attacks.","Rinse mouth after inhalation to prevent oral thrush.","Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease, especially arrhythmias.","Monitor potassium levels if using diuretics or corticosteroids.","May cause paradoxical bronchospasm; stop use and seek help if breathing worsens.","Not recommended for patients with severe renal impairment without dose adjustment.","Use with caution in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma or urinary retention.","Do not exceed prescribed dose; higher doses may cause serious cardiac effects.","Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, planning pregnancy, or breastfeeding.","Keep out of reach of children."]

🤱 Lactation Safety

It is not known whether formoterol or tiotropium pass into breast milk. Because many drugs do, caution is advised when using this medicine during breastfeeding. Consult your doctor to weigh the benefits and risks.

💊 Overdose Management

Overdose with this inhaler may cause severe tachycardia, palpitations, tremor, headache, and hypokalemia. If you suspect an overdose, seek emergency medical attention immediately. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic, including monitoring of vital signs and electrolytes. There is no specific antidote.

⏰ Missed Dose

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.

Additional Safety Advice

General Safety

Always use this medicine exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use it as a rescue inhaler for sudden breathing problems; keep a separate fast-acting rescue inhaler available at all times. Rinse your mouth with water after each inhalation to reduce the risk of oral thrush and throat irritation. Do not exceed the prescribed dose, as higher doses can increase the risk of serious heart-related side effects. Inform your doctor if you have heart disease, high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, thyroid problems, diabetes, or kidney or liver disease. Do not stop using this medicine suddenly without talking to your doctor, as your breathing may worsen. Keep this medicine away from children and store it as directed on the packaging. If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, consult your doctor before using this medicine.

👴 Special Considerations for Elderly

💡 For Patients Above 65

Elderly patients may be more sensitive to the cardiac effects of formoterol, such as increased heart rate and palpitations. Monitor heart rate and blood pressure regularly. Renal function should be assessed before starting tiotropium, as it is excreted by the kidneys. No dose adjustment is required based on age alone, but individualization is important.

🤰 Pregnancy Planning (TTC)

If you are planning to become pregnant, consult your doctor before using this medicine. The safety of this combination during pregnancy is not well established. Your doctor will weigh the benefits and risks and may adjust your treatment.

🏥 Post-Surgery Considerations

Inform your surgeon and anesthesiologist that you are using this inhaler before any surgery. It may interact with certain anesthetic agents. Continue using it as prescribed unless told otherwise. Monitor for respiratory complications after surgery.

🦷 Dental Procedures

Inform your dentist that you are using this inhaler, as it may cause dry mouth, which can increase the risk of dental problems. Rinsing your mouth after inhalation can help. No specific precautions are needed for dental procedures, but maintain good oral hygiene.

💚 Lifestyle Tips for Better Results

🏃
Avoid smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke.
🥗
Get vaccinated against influenza and pneumonia as advised by your doctor.
😴
Practice breathing exercises like pursed-lip breathing to improve lung function.
💧
Maintain a healthy weight to reduce strain on your lungs.
🧘
Stay physically active within your limits to improve cardiovascular health.
🌞
Use a humidifier if the air is dry, but keep it clean to prevent mold.
🚭
Avoid exposure to dust, pollen, and other respiratory irritants.

🏋️ Exercise Considerations

Exercise can be beneficial, but avoid strenuous activity in extreme weather or high pollution. Use your rescue inhaler if you experience shortness of breath during exercise. Consult your doctor before starting a new exercise regimen.

🥗 Diet Recommendations

Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
Include omega-3 fatty acids from fish or flaxseed to reduce inflammation.
Limit processed foods and excess salt to reduce fluid retention.
Stay well hydrated to keep mucus thin.
Avoid foods that cause bloating, as they can make breathing uncomfortable.

💼 Impact on Daily Work & Life

This medicine may cause dizziness or blurred vision in some people. Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how it affects you. It should not interfere with most work activities, but if your job involves exposure to respiratory irritants, take precautions.

🛑 When to Stop This Medicine

Do not stop using this medicine without consulting your doctor. If you experience severe side effects or your condition worsens, contact your doctor immediately. Your doctor may adjust the dose or switch to a different treatment.

📅 Long-Term Use Effects

Long-term use of this medicine is generally safe for managing COPD and asthma. However, regular monitoring of lung function, heart rate, and potassium levels is advised. Some patients may develop tolerance to the bronchodilator effects, and the risk of pneumonia may be slightly increased in COPD patients. Periodic review with your doctor is necessary to assess the continued benefit and adjust treatment as needed.

🌿 Non-Medicine Approaches

These can complement medicine but do not replace prescribed treatment.

Pulmonary rehabilitation

A structured program of exercise, education, and support that can improve breathing and quality of life.

Evidence: Well-established
Breathing exercises

Techniques like pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing can help manage shortness of breath.

Evidence: Established
Oxygen therapy

For patients with severe COPD and low blood oxygen levels, supplemental oxygen may be prescribed.

Evidence: Well-established

💉 Vaccination Considerations

💉 If You're Getting Vaccinated

Patients with COPD should receive annual influenza vaccination and pneumococcal vaccination as per guidelines. These vaccines can reduce the risk of respiratory infections that may exacerbate COPD symptoms. Consult your doctor for appropriate timing.

📦 Storage Guide

✅ DO

Store at room temperature (15-30°C)

❌ DON'T

Do not refrigerate or freeze

✅ DO

Keep in original container

❌ DON'T

Do not puncture or incinerate the canister

✅ DO

Keep away from direct sunlight and heat

❌ DON'T

Do not store in bathroom cabinet

✈️ Traveling with This Medicine

Carry your inhaler in its original packaging with a copy of your prescription. Keep it in your carry-on luggage to avoid temperature extremes in checked baggage. If traveling across time zones, continue taking your dose at the same interval as prescribed; consult your doctor for specific advice. Ensure you have enough supply for your trip and a backup rescue inhaler. Check customs regulations for carrying prescription inhalers.

💰 Cost Analysis & Savings

👥 Real Patient Stories

Educational, anonymized scenarios. Individual results may vary.

👤 A 62-year-old man with COPD
He was prescribed this inhaler once daily. Initially, he used it as a rescue inhaler when short of breath, but his doctor explained it is for maintenance. After using it regularly for a month, his breathing improved significantly, and he could walk longer distances without stopping. He learned to rinse his mouth after each use to avoid throat irritation.
💡 Lesson: Using maintenance inhalers regularly, even when feeling well, is key to controlling COPD symptoms.
👤 A 45-year-old woman with severe asthma
She was started on this inhaler along with an inhaled corticosteroid. She was hesitant about using two inhalers but understood the need for both. After a few weeks, her night-time awakenings decreased, and she could exercise without wheezing. She always carries her rescue inhaler for emergencies.
💡 Lesson: Combination inhalers can be effective for severe asthma when used with an inhaled corticosteroid, but a rescue inhaler must always be available.

💬 Questions Patients Often Ask

Q: How long does it take to work?

A: Formoterol starts working within 5-15 minutes, but the full benefits of the combination may take a few days to weeks of regular use.

Q: Can I use this inhaler during an asthma attack?

A: No, this is a maintenance inhaler and should not be used for sudden breathing attacks. Always use a rescue inhaler for acute symptoms.

Q: What should I do if I miss a dose?

A: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Q: Are there any food interactions?

A: Avoid grapefruit juice as it may increase drug levels. Limit caffeine as it may increase heart rate.

Q: Can I stop using this inhaler if I feel better?

A: No, do not stop without consulting your doctor. This medicine controls symptoms but does not cure the condition. Stopping suddenly can worsen your breathing.

🤔 Common Patient Concerns

💭 These are the concerns patients most commonly raise

  • Can I take this medicine long-term?
  • Will it affect my heart?
  • Can I drive after taking this medicine?
  • Does it interact with my blood pressure medicine?
  • What if I miss a dose?
  • Can I drink alcohol while taking this?
  • Is it safe during pregnancy?
  • How should I store the inhaler?

🔄 Substitutes for ibitrop nexhaler

View All

Alternative brands with exact same active ingredient:

Medical Note: Always consult your doctor before switching medications.

🛑 Myths vs. Facts

  • Myth: This medicine can be used as a rescue inhaler.
    Fact: This medicine is a maintenance inhaler and should not be used for sudden breathing attacks. Always keep a rescue inhaler available.
  • Myth: Once you feel better, you can stop using this medicine.
    Fact: This medicine controls symptoms but does not cure the disease. Stopping suddenly can worsen your condition. Consult your doctor before stopping.
  • Myth: This medicine is addictive.
    Fact: This medicine is not addictive. It is a bronchodilator that helps manage chronic lung conditions.

📊 Comparison with Similar Medicines

[{"medicine":"This medicine (Formoterol + Tiotropium)","composition":"Formoterol 6 mcg + Tiotropium 9 mcg","frequency":"Once daily","onset":"Rapid (formoterol)","duration":"Up to 24 hours"},{"medicine":"Formoterol + Glycopyrronium","composition":"Formoterol + Glycopyrronium","frequency":"Twice daily","onset":"Rapid","duration":"Up to 12 hours"},{"medicine":"Tiotropium alone","composition":"Tiotropium","frequency":"Once daily","onset":"Slow","duration":"Up to 24 hours"}]

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