Co-trimoxazole 400mg/80mg Tablet: Complete Medicine Guide
When to Call Your Doctor IMMEDIATELY
- Spreading rash, blisters, or peeling skin
- Mouth sores or sores in the genital area
- Fever with unusual bruising or bleeding
- Yellowing of the eyes or skin, dark urine, or severe abdominal pain
- Decreased urine output or swelling in the legs
- Difficulty breathing or swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat
- Severe headache with stiff neck or sensitivity to light
- Bluish discoloration of lips, skin, or nails
If experiencing severe symptoms, call emergency services immediately.
What is alphatram 400mg/80mg tablet used for?
Co-trimoxazole is a combination antibiotic containing sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. It is used to treat various bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, and skin infections. It works by blocking two steps in the bacterial folate synthesis pathway, stopping bacterial growth. It is available by prescription only and should be taken exactly as directed.
- Generic Name: Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim
- Manufacturer: Alpha Pharmaceuticals
- Form: Allopathy
- Pregnancy Category: Consult doctor
- Prescription Required: Yes
🇮🇳 alphatram 400mg/80mg tablet के बारे में (Hindi Summary)
उपयोग: यह दवा सल्फामेथोक्साज़ोल और ट्राइमेथोप्रिम का संयोजन है, जिसका उपयोग विभिन्न जीवाणु संक्रमणों के इलाज के लिए किया जाता है। यह मूत्र मार्ग संक्रमण, श्वसन तंत्र संक्रमण, त्वचा संक्रमण और कुछ आंतों के संक्रमणों के इलाज में प्रभावी है। यह कमजोर प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली वाले रोगियों में निमोसिस्टिस जीरोवेसी निमोनिया को रोकने और इलाज करने के लिए भी इस्तेमाल किया जाता है। यह दवा बैक्टीरिया के फोलेट संश्लेषण को रोककर उनके विकास को रोकती है। यह केवल डॉक्टर के पर्चे पर ही मिलती है और डॉक्टर के निर्देशानुसार ही लेनी चाहिए।
साइड इफेक्ट्स: इस दवा के सामान्य दुष्प्रभावों में मतली, उल्टी, दस्त, पेट दर्द, भूख न लगना, सिरदर्द और त्वचा पर चकत्ते शामिल हैं। ये आमतौर पर हल्के होते हैं और कुछ समय में ठीक हो जाते हैं। गंभीर दुष्प्रभाव दुर्लभ हैं, लेकिन इनमें त्वचा की गंभीर प्रतिक्रियाएं, रक्त विकार, यकृत की सूजन, गुर्दे की समस्या और गंभीर एलर्जी शामिल हो सकती हैं। यदि आपको तेजी से फैलने वाले चकत्ते, छाले, मुंह में घाव, बुखार, असामान्य चोट या खून बहना, आंखों या त्वचा का पीलापन, गहरे रंग का पेशाब, या सांस लेने में कठिनाई हो, तो तुरंत डॉक्टर से मिलें।
सुरक्षा सलाह: इस दवा को डॉक्टर के निर्देशानुसार ही लें और बीच में न छोड़ें, भले ही आप बेहतर महसूस करें। पूरा कोर्स पूरा करें ताकि संक्रमण दोबारा न हो और एंटीबायोटिक प्रतिरोध का खतरा कम हो। दिन भर पर्याप्त पानी पिएं ताकि गुर्दे की समस्या से बचा जा सके। धूप में ज्यादा देर न रहें और सनस्क्रीन का इस्तेमाल करें, क्योंकि यह दवा त्वचा को धूप के प्रति संवेदनशील बना सकती है। अपने डॉक्टर को अन्य सभी दवाओं के बारे में बताएं, खासकर खून पतला करने वाली दवाएं, मधुमेह की दवाएं और पानी की गोलियां। यदि आप गर्भवती हैं, गर्भधारण की योजना बना रही हैं, या स्तनपान करा रही हैं, तो इस दवा को लेने से पहले अपने डॉक्टर से सलाह लें।
💊 alphatram 400mg/80mg tablet Uses & Benefits
[{"condition":"Urinary tract infections","description":"This medicine is used to treat uncomplicated and some complicated urinary tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria.","evidence":"Well-established"},{"condition":"Respiratory tract infections","description":"It may be prescribed for acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and other respiratory infections when bacteria are susceptible.","evidence":"Well-established"},{"condition":"Skin and soft tissue infections","description":"This medicine can treat certain skin infections, including those caused by susceptible strains of Staphylococcus aureus.","evidence":"Well-established"},{"condition":"Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP)","description":"It is a first-line treatment and preventive agent for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients.","evidence":"Well-established"},{"condition":"Traveler's diarrhea","description":"This medicine may be used to treat diarrhea caused by susceptible bacteria, such as some strains of Escherichia coli.","evidence":"Moderate"},{"condition":"Toxoplasmosis","description":"It can be used as an alternative treatment for toxoplasmosis in certain patients.","evidence":"Moderate"}]
Off-label uses: [{"condition":"Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin infections","description":"Sometimes prescribed off-label when other options are not suitable, based on susceptibility results.","evidence":"Limited"},{"condition":"Prostatitis","description":"May be used off-label for chronic bacterial prostatitis caused by susceptible organisms.","evidence":"Limited"},{"condition":"Nocardiosis","description":"Used off-label as an alternative treatment for nocardiosis in some patients.","evidence":"Limited"}]
Primary treatment for: Bacterial infections
Also treats: Urinary tract infections, Respiratory tract infections, Skin infections, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, Traveler's diarrhea
📋 Drug Information
| Generic Name(s) | Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim |
| Brand Name | Antrima DS |
| Manufacturer | Alpha Pharmaceuticals |
| Packaging / Form | Varies by brand (Allopathy) |
| Therapeutic Class | ANTI INFECTIVES |
| Action Class | Sulfonamide + Folate antagonist |
| Route of Administration | Oral |
| Storage | Store at room temperature between 15°C and 30°C (59°F to 86°F). Keep away from direct sunlight, moisture, and heat. Keep in the original container, tightly closed. |
| Shelf Life | 24 months from the date of manufacture, or as printed on the packaging. |
| WHO Guideline | The World Health Organization includes co-trimoxazole in its Model List of Essential Medicines for the treatment of several bacterial infections and for prophylaxis and treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in certain populations. However, specific recommendations depend on local resistance patterns and clinical guidelines. |
| ICMR Guideline | The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) provides guidance on the use of antibiotics, including co-trimoxazole, based on local susceptibility patterns. Clinicians should refer to the latest ICMR treatment guidelines for specific indications. |
👨⚕️ Doctor's Practical Tips
Evidence-based practical advice from experienced clinicians
🔍 Is This Medicine Right for Your Symptom?
Educational reference. Always consult a doctor for diagnosis.
🔬 How This Medicine Works (Pharmacology)
Pharmacokinetics
How It Works
This medicine works by inhibiting two sequential steps in the bacterial folate synthesis pathway. Sulfamethoxazole blocks the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, preventing the formation of dihydrofolic acid from para-aminobenzoic acid. Trimethoprim inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, preventing the conversion of dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid. This sequential blockade stops bacteria from producing the folate they need to make nucleic acids and proteins, which stops their growth and multiplication. Because the combination targets two different steps, it is more effective than either ingredient alone and reduces the chance of bacterial resistance.
Mechanism Steps
💡 How to Take alphatram 400mg/80mg tablet
Strength: Each tablet contains sulfamethoxazole 400 mg and trimethoprim 80 mg.
Dosage Information
| Adult Dosage | The usual adult dose of this medicine for most infections is one tablet (400 mg sulfamethoxazole and 80 mg trimethoprim) taken orally every 12 hours. For severe infections, your doctor may prescribe a higher dose. The duration of treatment depends on the type and severity of the infection. Dose must be individualized by a qualified clinician based on indication, age, weight, renal and hepatic function. |
| Pediatric Dosage | Pediatric dosing is not established from available information. Consult a pediatrician. |
| Elderly Dosage | Elderly patients may be more sensitive to the effects of this medicine, especially if they have kidney or liver impairment. The dose may need to be reduced based on kidney function. Close monitoring for side effects is recommended. Dose must be individualized by a qualified clinician. |
| Renal Impairment | In patients with kidney impairment, the dose of this medicine may need to be reduced. For patients with a creatinine clearance of 15-30 mL/min, the usual dose may be reduced by half. For patients with a creatinine clearance below 15 mL/min, this medicine is generally not recommended unless the benefit outweighs the risk. Dose must be individualized by a qualified clinician based on renal function. |
| Hepatic Impairment | In patients with liver impairment, this medicine should be used with caution. The dose may need to be reduced, and liver function should be monitored. Dose must be individualized by a qualified clinician. |
| Maximum Daily Dose | The maximum recommended daily dose for adults is 1600 mg sulfamethoxazole and 320 mg trimethoprim (four tablets per day) for severe infections, but this must be determined by a qualified clinician. |
Dosage Timeline
🍽️ Food Timing Guide
⏰ What to Do If You Miss a Dose
⚠️ Side Effects of alphatram 400mg/80mg tablet
✅ Common Side Effects
🚨 Serious Side Effects
⚠️ Rare Side Effects
Consult your doctor if you experience any unusual symptoms.
🔬 Drug Interactions
| Drug | Severity | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Warfarin | Major | |
| Methotrexate | Major | |
| Phenytoin | Major | |
| ACE inhibitors | Major | |
| Potassium-sparing diuretics | Major | |
| Amantadine | Major | |
| Dofetilide | Major | |
| Rifampicin | Moderate | |
| Cyclosporine | Moderate | |
| Digoxin | Moderate |
🚨 Major Interactions
- Warfarin
- Methotrexate
- Phenytoin
- ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
- Potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g., spironolactone)
- Amantadine
- Dofetilide
⚡ Moderate Interactions
- Rifampicin
- Cyclosporine
- Digoxin
- Oral hypoglycemic agents (e.g., sulfonylureas)
- Thiazide diuretics
- Zidovudine
🍷 Alcohol Interaction
It is advisable to avoid alcohol while taking this medicine. Alcohol can increase the risk of liver problems and may worsen stomach upset, dizziness, and drowsiness. If you drink alcohol regularly, discuss this with your doctor before taking this medicine.
🔎 Check Your Other Medicines
Educational tool. Always confirm with your doctor or pharmacist.
🛡️ Safety & Warnings
🚫 Contraindications
["Known hypersensitivity to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, or any component of the formulation","Known allergy to sulfonamides","Pregnancy at term or during breastfeeding of infants under 2 months","Infants less than 2 months of age","Severe liver impairment","Severe kidney impairment (unless monitored closely)","Megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency","Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (risk of hemolysis)","Concurrent use with dofetilide"]
⚠️ Warnings & Precautions
["Serious skin reactions: Stop the medicine and seek immediate medical attention if you develop a rash, blisters, or peeling skin.","Blood disorders: This medicine can cause agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, or thrombocytopenia. Report unusual bruising, bleeding, or fever.","Liver injury: Rarely, this medicine can cause hepatitis. Report yellowing of the eyes or skin, dark urine, or abdominal pain.","Kidney injury: Maintain adequate fluid intake and report decreased urine output or swelling.","Hyperkalemia: This medicine can increase potassium levels. Monitor potassium if you have kidney disease or take ACE inhibitors or ARBs.","Hypoglycemia: This medicine can cause low blood sugar, especially in elderly patients or those with kidney disease.","Photosensitivity: Avoid prolonged sun exposure and use sunscreen.","Superinfection: Prolonged use may lead to overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms, including fungi.","Use in elderly: Increased risk of severe side effects, especially with kidney or liver impairment.","Use in children: Not recommended for infants under 2 months of age."]
🤱 Lactation Safety
This medicine passes into breast milk and may affect a nursing infant. It is generally not recommended during breastfeeding, especially if the infant is premature, jaundiced, or has glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Consult your doctor before breastfeeding while taking this medicine.
💊 Overdose Management
Overdose of this medicine can cause nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, confusion, and blood disorders. In severe cases, it can lead to bone marrow suppression, liver toxicity, and kidney failure. If you suspect an overdose, seek emergency medical attention immediately. Treatment is supportive and may include gastric lavage if taken recently, monitoring of blood counts, liver and kidney function, and administration of folinic acid if needed. Hemodialysis may be considered in severe cases.
⏰ Missed Dose
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Additional Safety Advice
Take this medicine exactly as prescribed by your doctor, and do not skip doses or stop early even if you feel better. Complete the full course to prevent the infection from returning and to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance. Drink plenty of water throughout the day to help prevent kidney problems. Avoid prolonged sun exposure and use sunscreen, because this medicine can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight. Tell your doctor about all other medicines you take, especially blood thinners, diabetes medicines, and water pills. Do not take this medicine if you are allergic to sulfa drugs. If you are pregnant, planning pregnancy, or breastfeeding, speak to your doctor before taking this medicine. Keep all follow-up appointments so your doctor can monitor your blood counts, kidney function, and liver function if needed.
👴 Special Considerations for Elderly
💡 For Patients Above 65
Elderly patients are more likely to experience side effects from this medicine, especially kidney problems, blood disorders, and hyperkalemia. The dose may need to be reduced based on kidney function. Close monitoring of blood counts, kidney function, and potassium levels is recommended. Elderly patients should also be cautious about drug interactions, as they often take multiple medications.
🤰 Pregnancy Planning (TTC)
If you are planning to become pregnant, discuss with your doctor before taking this medicine. This medicine is generally avoided during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester and near term, due to potential risks to the fetus. Your doctor may recommend alternative antibiotics if needed. Use effective contraception while taking this medicine if you are of childbearing age.
🏥 Post-Surgery Considerations
If you are scheduled for surgery, inform your surgeon that you are taking this medicine. It may interact with other medications used during surgery, such as blood thinners. Your doctor may advise you to stop the medicine before surgery or adjust the dose. This medicine may also increase the risk of bleeding, so close monitoring is important.
🦷 Dental Procedures
Inform your dentist that you are taking this medicine before any dental procedure. It may interact with other medications used during dental work, and it can increase the risk of bleeding. Your dentist may recommend postponing non-urgent procedures until you have completed the course of antibiotics.
💚 Lifestyle Tips for Better Results
🏋️ Exercise Considerations
This medicine may cause dizziness or fatigue in some people. If you experience these effects, avoid strenuous exercise or activities that require alertness, such as driving or operating machinery. Light to moderate exercise is generally safe, but listen to your body and rest if you feel unwell.
🥗 Diet Recommendations
💼 Impact on Daily Work & Life
This medicine may cause dizziness, fatigue, or headache in some people, which can affect your ability to drive or operate machinery. If you experience these side effects, avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you feel better. Most people can continue their normal daily activities while taking this medicine, but it is important to take it as prescribed and to rest when needed.
🛑 When to Stop This Medicine
Do not stop taking this medicine without consulting your doctor, even if you feel better. Stopping early can lead to a return of the infection and increase the risk of antibiotic resistance. If you experience serious side effects, such as a severe rash, difficulty breathing, or signs of liver or kidney problems, stop the medicine and seek immediate medical attention. Your doctor will advise you on whether to stop or switch to another medicine.
📅 Long-Term Use Effects
Long-term use of this medicine can lead to several effects, including an increased risk of blood disorders, liver and kidney problems, and the development of antibiotic resistance. It may also cause folate deficiency, which can lead to anemia. Regular monitoring of blood counts, liver and kidney function is recommended during prolonged therapy. If you need to take this medicine for a long time, your doctor will monitor you closely and may prescribe folic acid supplements. Always discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.
🌿 Non-Medicine Approaches
These can complement medicine but do not replace prescribed treatment.
Drinking plenty of water can help flush out bacteria from the urinary tract and support recovery from urinary tract infections.
Evidence: Well-establishedProbiotics may help prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea and restore healthy gut bacteria.
Evidence: ModerateCranberry products may help prevent urinary tract infections, but evidence for treatment is limited.
Evidence: Limited💉 Vaccination Considerations
💉 If You're Getting Vaccinated
This medicine does not interact with vaccines. However, if you are taking this medicine for an infection, you should postpone vaccination until you have recovered, unless your doctor advises otherwise. Live vaccines should be avoided in immunocompromised patients.
📦 Storage Guide
✅ DO
Store at room temperature (15-30°C)
❌ DON'T
Do not refrigerate unless specified
✅ DO
Keep in original container
❌ DON'T
Do not transfer to unmarked containers
✅ DO
Keep away from direct sunlight
❌ DON'T
Do not store in bathroom cabinet
✅ DO
Keep out of reach of children
❌ DON'T
Do not use after expiry date
✈️ Traveling with This Medicine
When traveling with this medicine, carry it in its original packaging along with a copy of your prescription. Keep it in your carry-on luggage to avoid loss or temperature extremes. Store at room temperature and protect from direct sunlight. If crossing time zones, adjust your dosing schedule gradually, but consult your doctor for specific advice. Check local customs regulations regarding prescription medicines before you travel.
💰 Cost Analysis & Savings
👥 Real Patient Stories
Educational, anonymized scenarios. Individual results may vary.
💬 Questions Patients Often Ask
A: You may start to feel better within 24 to 48 hours after starting this medicine, but it may take a few days for full effect. Complete the full course as prescribed.
A: Yes, you can take this medicine with or without food. Taking it with food may help reduce stomach upset.
A: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double dose.
A: It is advisable to avoid alcohol while taking this medicine, as it can increase the risk of liver problems and stomach upset.
A: This medicine should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Consult your doctor for personalized advice.
A: Store at room temperature between 15°C and 30°C, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep in the original container.
🤔 Common Patient Concerns
🔄 Substitutes for alphatram 400mg/80mg tablet
View AllAlternative brands with exact same active ingredient:
-
sepnil 400mg/80mg tabletTOSC International Pvt Ltd ₹5.63 31.8% CHEAPER
-
Sulphan SS 400mg/80mg TabletTherawin Formulations ₹5.65 31.5% CHEAPER
-
salgatran 400mg/80mg tabletBevit Pharmaceuticals Ltd ₹5.81 29.6% CHEAPER
-
otrim 400mg/80mg tabletBiochem Pharmaceutical Industries ₹5.90 28.5% CHEAPER
-
kombina 400mg/80mg tabletDeys Medical ₹5.91 28.4% CHEAPER
Medical Note: Always consult your doctor before switching medications.
🛑 Myths vs. Facts
- Myth: Co-trimoxazole can cure viral infections like the common cold.
Fact: Co-trimoxazole is an antibiotic and is only effective against bacterial infections. It does not treat viral infections. - Myth: You can stop taking co-trimoxazole as soon as you feel better.
Fact: You must complete the full course as prescribed to prevent the infection from returning and to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance. - Myth: Co-trimoxazole is safe for everyone.
Fact: Co-trimoxazole is not safe for everyone. It should be avoided in people with sulfa allergies, pregnant women near term, infants under 2 months, and those with severe liver or kidney disease. - Myth: Co-trimoxazole is a painkiller.
Fact: Co-trimoxazole is an antibiotic, not a painkiller. It treats bacterial infections but does not relieve pain directly.
🔄 Alternative Options
Generic Alternatives
- Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim 400 mg + 80 mg tablet
Brand Alternatives
- Bactrim
- Septran
- Cotrim
- Bactrim DS
- Septra