The MMR vaccine is a live attenuated, trivalent combination vaccine for active immunization against measles, mumps, and rubella. It contains live, weakened strains of the measles virus (Edmonston-Zagreb strain or Schwarz strain), mumps virus (L-Zagreb strain, Urabe AM9 strain, or Jeryl Lynn strain), and rubella virus (Wistar RA 27/3 strain). The vaccine induces a subclinical, non-communicable infection that stimulates both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, providing long-term protection. It is a cornerstone of India's Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) and is critical for achieving herd immunity and eliminating these diseases.
Adult: 0.5 ml subcutaneously, typically as a single dose for those born after 1957 without evidence of immunity. A second dose may be recommended 4 weeks later for certain high-risk groups (e.g., healthcare workers, college students).
Note: For subcutaneous injection only, preferably in the upper arm (deltoid region) or anterolateral thigh. Use a 23-25 gauge needle. Reconstitute the lyophilized powder ONLY with the supplied sterile diluent. Shake well after reconstitution until a clear, yellowish solution is obtained. Use immediately or within 6-8 hours if stored at +2°C to +8°C. Do not mix with other vaccines in the same syringe. Can be administered simultaneously with other childhood vaccines at different sites.
The vaccine contains live, attenuated strains of measles, mumps, and rubella viruses. After subcutaneous administration, these attenuated viruses undergo limited local replication, primarily in dendritic cells and lymphocytes at the injection site and in regional lymph nodes. This controlled infection mimics natural infection without causing disease, presenting viral antigens to the immune system. This stimulates a robust, antigen-specific immune response involving both B-cells (producing neutralizing antibodies - IgG) and T-cells (CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic), establishing immunological memory.
Pregnancy: CONTRANDICATED. Live vaccines pose a theoretical risk to the fetus. Pregnancy should be avoided for at least 1 month after vaccination. If inadvertently given during pregnancy, it is not an indication for termination, but careful follow-up is advised. Rubella-susceptible women should be vaccinated postpartum.
Driving: No effect. However, vaccine-related fever or malaise may temporarily impair ability.
| Immunosuppressants (Corticosteroids, Chemotherapy, Biologics) | Diminished immune response to vaccine; may lead to vaccine failure or increased risk of adverse events from vaccine virus replication. | Major |
| Blood Products & Immunoglobulins (IVIG, Anti-D, etc.) | Passive antibodies may interfere with active immune response, leading to vaccine failure. Vaccination should be deferred for 3-11 months depending on the dose. | Major |
| Other Live Vaccines (e.g., Varicella, Yellow Fever, OPV) | If not administered simultaneously, a minimum interval of 4 weeks is recommended to avoid potential interference. | Moderate |
| Tuberculin Skin Test (PPD) | MMR may temporarily suppress tuberculin reactivity. Administer PPD either before, simultaneously with, or at least 4-6 weeks after MMR. | Moderate |