PERILOS 4

Perindopril erbumine (4mg) + Losartan (50mg)
Price: ₹110 - ₹150 for 10 tablets (Strip)
Mfr: Zydus Cadila | Form: Tablet

📋 Clinical Overview

A fixed-dose combination (FDC) of an ACE inhibitor (Perindopril) and an ARB (Losartan) used for synergistic blood pressure control and cardiovascular protection. This combination is typically reserved for patients with severe or resistant hypertension not adequately controlled by monotherapy or other combinations, as per Indian guidelines. It provides dual blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) at different levels.

💊 Dosage & Administration

Adult: One tablet (Perindopril 4mg + Losartan 50mg) once daily. Initiation under medical supervision. Dose may be titrated based on response and tolerability, but the fixed-dose nature limits titration flexibility.

Note: Can be taken with or without food. Preferably taken at the same time each day, in the morning to avoid nocturnal diuresis. Swallow whole with a glass of water. Do not crush or chew.

⚠️ Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to Perindopril, Losartan, or any component.
  • History of angioedema related to previous ACE inhibitor or ARB therapy.
  • Bilateral renal artery stenosis or stenosis in a solitary kidney.
  • Pregnancy (2nd and 3rd trimesters) - risk of fetal injury and death.
  • Concomitant use with Aliskiren in patients with diabetes or renal impairment (GFR <60 ml/min).
  • Severe hepatic impairment, cirrhosis, biliary obstruction.
  • Severe hypotension.

🔬 Mechanism of Action

Provides dual blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS). Perindopril inhibits Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE), reducing the conversion of Angiotensin I to the potent vasoconstrictor Angiotensin II and decreasing aldosterone secretion. Losartan competitively blocks the Angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors, preventing the action of any Angiotensin II (including that generated via non-ACE pathways like chymase). This synergistic action leads to more complete RAAS suppression, vasodilation, reduced aldosterone, and decreased sodium and water retention.

🤕 Side Effects

  • Dizziness, lightheadedness
  • Persistent dry cough (more associated with Perindopril)
  • Headache
  • Fatigue, asthenia
  • Hyperkalemia (mild)

🤰 Special Populations

Pregnancy: CONTRANDICATED in second and third trimesters (Pregnancy Category D). Drugs that act directly on the RAAS can cause fetal injury and death, including hypotension, neonatal skull hypoplasia, anuria, reversible or irreversible renal failure, and oligohydramnios. Discontinue as soon as pregnancy is detected.

Driving: May cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or fatigue, especially during initiation or dose escalation. Patients should be cautioned about operating machinery or driving until they know how the medication affects them.

🔄 Drug Interactions

Potassium supplements / Salt substitutes (high K+)Increased risk of severe hyperkalemia.Major
Potassium-sparing diuretics (Spironolactone, Eplerenone, Amiloride)Additive risk of hyperkalemia.Major
NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, Naproxen)Reduced antihypertensive effect; increased risk of renal impairment and hyperkalemia.Major
Diuretics (Thiazides, Loop diuretics)Potentiated hypotensive effect, especially after first dose.Moderate
LithiumIncreased serum lithium levels and toxicity.Major
AliskirenIncreased risk of hyperkalemia, hypotension, and renal impairment.Major (contraindicated in DM/CKD)
Other AntihypertensivesAdditive hypotensive effect.Moderate
CYP2C9 Inhibitors (Fluconazole, Amiodarone)May increase Losartan levels.Moderate
CYP2C9 Inducers (Rifampicin)May decrease Losartan efficacy.Moderate

🔁 Alternatives to PERILOS 4

Same composition (Perindopril erbumine (4mg) + Losartan (50mg)), different brands:

COVERSYL AM PLUS LOSAPERI 4 LOSAPRIL 4 PERINDOPRIL-LOSARTAN (Generic)