Melatonin is a hormone naturally produced by the pineal gland that regulates the sleep-wake cycle (circadian rhythm). The 3mg oral formulation is a synthetic version used as a dietary supplement to address sleep disturbances.
Adult: For insomnia or jet lag: 1 to 3 mg taken 30-60 minutes before bedtime. The 3mg dose is a common starting strength. Dose may be adjusted based on response.
Note: Take orally, 30 to 60 minutes before desired bedtime. Should be taken at the same time each night. Do not crush or chew extended-release formulations (if applicable).
Melatonin is an endogenous hormone that binds to and activates G-protein coupled melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the body's master circadian clock. Activation of MT1 receptors promotes sleepiness by inhibiting neuronal firing in the SCN, while MT2 receptor involvement is linked to phase-shifting effects, helping to synchronize the circadian rhythm with the external light-dark cycle. It has no direct effect on GABAergic systems like conventional sedatives.
Pregnancy: Category N (Not classified by FDA). Avoid use during pregnancy and lactation due to lack of adequate safety data. Endogenous melatonin plays a role in fetal development and pregnancy maintenance.
Driving: NA
| Anticoagulants/Antiplatelets (e.g., Warfarin) | Melatonin may increase the risk of bleeding by potentiating anticoagulant effects. | Major |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants (e.g., Benzodiazepines, Zolpidem, Anticonvulsants) | Additive sedative effects, increasing risk of excessive drowsiness and impaired psychomotor performance. | Moderate |
| Immunosuppressants | Melatonin may stimulate immune function and potentially counteract the effects of immunosuppressive therapy. | Moderate |
| Fluvoxamine and other CYP1A2 inhibitors | May significantly increase melatonin plasma levels by inhibiting its metabolism, leading to enhanced effects and side effects. | Moderate |
| Antihypertensive Medications | Melatonin may potentially increase blood pressure in patients on antihypertensive drugs (paradoxical effect reported in some). | Moderate |
Same composition (Melatonin (3mg)), different brands: