Latanoprost is a synthetic prostaglandin F2ฮฑ analogue and a potent ocular hypotensive agent. It is a first-line topical medication for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT). It works primarily by increasing uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor. It is a clear, colourless to slightly yellow ophthalmic solution.
Adult: One drop (approximately 1.5 ยตg) in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening. Do not exceed once-daily administration.
Note: Instruct patients to wash hands before use. Tilt head back, pull lower eyelid down to form a pouch. Apply one drop without touching the dropper tip to the eye or any surface. Close eyes gently for 1-2 minutes and apply gentle pressure to the nasolacrimal duct (inner corner of the eye) to minimize systemic absorption. Wait at least 5 minutes before instilling any other topical ophthalmic medication. If using with other eye drops, administer Latanoprost last.
Latanoprost is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed by corneal esterases to its biologically active acid form. The active metabolite acts as a selective agonist at the prostaglandin FP receptor. This agonism leads to relaxation of the ciliary muscle and remodeling of the extracellular matrix within the ciliary body and sclera, thereby increasing the permeability and outflow of aqueous humor through the uveoscleral pathway.
Pregnancy: Category C. Animal studies have shown embryofetal toxicity at high systemic doses. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Systemic exposure from topical use is negligible.
Driving: May cause transient blurred vision immediately after instillation. Patients should be advised not to drive or use machines until their vision is clear.
| Topical NSAIDs (e.g., Diclofenac, Ketorolac) | May attenuate the IOP-lowering effect of Latanoprost. Mechanism may involve inhibition of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis. | Moderate |
| Thimerosal-preserved eye drops | If used concurrently, a precipitate may form. Administer with at least a 5-minute interval. | Moderate |
| Other topical prostaglandin analogues (e.g., Bimatoprost, Travoprost, Tafluprost) | Concomitant use is not recommended as they act on the same pathway and may not provide additive IOP reduction while increasing side effects. | Major |
| Cholinergic agonists (e.g., Pilocarpine) | Theoretically may reduce uveoscleral outflow. Administer Latanoprost at least 5 minutes after Pilocarpine. | Moderate |
Same composition (Latanoprost (0.005% w/v)), different brands: