A sterile, non-pyrogenic, isotonic solution for intravenous infusion. It provides 5 grams of dextrose monohydrate (equivalent to 4.85 g of anhydrous dextrose) and 0.37 grams of sodium chloride per 100 mL, resulting in a 5% dextrose and 0.37% sodium chloride solution. It is primarily used for fluid and electrolyte replacement, caloric supplementation, and as a vehicle for IV drug administration. The solution is isotonic (approx. 308 mOsm/L) and provides approximately 170 kcal/L from dextrose.
Adult: Dosage is highly individualized based on patient's age, weight, clinical condition, and fluid/electrolyte needs. Typical maintenance: 1500-3000 mL/24 hours. For replacement: Based on deficit calculation. Maximum infusion rate for dextrose: 0.5 g/kg/hr (approx. 5-6 mg/kg/min) to avoid hyperglycemia and glycosuria.
Note: For intravenous infusion only. Use sterile equipment. Check for particulate matter and discoloration. Do not administer if seal is broken. Use a dedicated line or flush line before/after administration of incompatible drugs. Infusion rate must be controlled using an infusion pump, especially in pediatric, geriatric, and cardiac patients. Do not connect flexible plastic containers in series.
Dextrose provides a readily metabolizable source of calories and water. It spares body protein and prevents ketosis. Sodium chloride provides essential extracellular electrolytes (sodium and chloride ions) necessary for maintaining extracellular fluid volume, plasma osmolality, acid-base balance, and nerve/muscle function. The combined solution expands plasma volume and provides isotonic fluid replacement.
Pregnancy: Category C (US FDA). Should be used only if clearly needed. No well-controlled studies in pregnant women. It is not expected to cause harm when used for appropriate indications at recommended doses, as dextrose and sodium chloride are normal body constituents.
Driving: No effect. The infusion is administered in a clinical setting and does not impair alertness or motor skills post-infusion.
| Insulin or Oral Hypoglycemics | Additive glycemic effect. Co-administration may require adjustment of antidiabetic drug dose to prevent hypoglycemia. | Major |
| Corticosteroids (e.g., Prednisolone, Dexamethasone) | May cause hyperglycemia and sodium retention, antagonizing the fluid/electrolyte balance. | Moderate |
| Potassium-Sparing Diuretics (e.g., Spironolactone) | Increased risk of hyperkalemia when combined with solutions that may shift potassium; however, this solution does not contain potassium. Risk is more related to overall fluid/electrolyte management. | Moderate |
| Loop Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide) | May lead to excessive sodium and water loss, altering the intended fluid replacement effect. | Moderate |
| Blood Products | Physical incompatibility may occur. Should not be administered simultaneously through the same IV line unless compatibility is confirmed. Normal saline (0.9%) is preferred for blood product administration. | Major |
Same composition (Dextrose (5gm) + Sodium Chloride (0.37gm)), different brands: