A sterile, non-pyrogenic, isotonic solution for intravenous administration. It provides a source of free water, calories (from dextrose), and electrolytes (sodium and chloride ions) to correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances, maintain hydration, and serve as a vehicle for intravenous drug administration. The 5% dextrose component provides approximately 170 kcal/L, while the sodium chloride (0.45%) provides a hypotonic saline solution.
Adult: Highly individualized. Typical maintenance: 1500-2500 mL per 24 hours. Rate: 1-2 mL/kg/hr. Must be calculated based on body weight, clinical condition, and ongoing losses.
Note: For intravenous use only. Must be administered using sterile technique. Use a clean, non-pyrogenic infusion set. Check for clarity, particulate matter, and container integrity before use. Do not connect flexible plastic containers in series. Do not use if leak is present. Rate of administration must be prescribed by a physician based on patient needs.
This combination provides both free water and electrolytes. The dextrose (glucose) is metabolized to provide calories and energy, sparing body protein and preventing ketosis. The sodium chloride provides essential extracellular ions to maintain plasma osmolality, blood pressure, and acid-base balance. The final solution is hypotonic (approx. 280 mOsm/L), providing more free water than isotonic saline, which is useful for replacing ongoing water losses.
Pregnancy: Category C (US FDA). Should be used only if clearly needed. No well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Dextrose crosses the placenta. Benefit should outweigh risk. Monitor fluid balance.
Driving: No effect. The infusion is administered in a clinical setting.
| Insulin | Dextrose infusion may require adjustment of insulin dosage to maintain euglycemia. | Major |
| Corticosteroids (e.g., Dexamethasone, Prednisolone) | May cause hyperglycemia, requiring monitoring. | Moderate |
| Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide) | May alter electrolyte balance; synergistic effect on sodium/potassium excretion. | Moderate |
| Lithium | Sodium loading may decrease lithium reabsorption, reducing its serum levels. | Moderate |
| Blood Products | Should not be administered simultaneously through the same IV line unless compatibility is confirmed. | Major |
Same composition (Dextrose (5gm) + Sodium Chloride (320mg)), different brands: