Dextrose 5% w/v is a sterile, non-pyrogenic, isotonic solution of dextrose monohydrate in water for injection. It provides 50 grams of dextrose monohydrate per liter, equivalent to 50 grams of dextrose (anhydrous) per liter, delivering approximately 170 kcal/L. It is primarily used as a source of water and calories, for rehydration, and as a vehicle for intravenous drug administration. In the Indian context, it is a fundamental intravenous fluid used across all levels of healthcare, from primary health centers to tertiary care hospitals.
Adult: Dosage is highly individualized based on fluid needs, caloric requirements, and clinical status. Typical maintenance: 1.5 to 3 liters per 24 hours (approx. 30-60 mL/kg/day). For rehydration: Rate and volume depend on deficit; often 500-1000 mL over 1-4 hours initially.
Note: For intravenous use only. Use aseptic technique. Check for clarity, leaks, and particulate matter. Do not administer simultaneously with blood through the same infusion set (can cause hemolysis). Rate of administration is dictated by patient's age, weight, clinical condition, and concomitant therapy. Must be administered via an infusion pump in critical care and pediatric settings. Do not connect flexible plastic containers in series.
Dextrose (D-glucose) is the primary carbohydrate utilized by the human body for energy production. When administered intravenously as a 5% solution, it primarily serves as a source of free water and readily metabolizable calories. Its isotonicity ensures it expands the extracellular fluid compartment without causing a significant shift of water into cells.
Pregnancy: Category C (US FDA). Dextrose crosses the placenta. Use is considered safe when used appropriately for maternal indications. Maternal hyperglycemia should be avoided as it can cause fetal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Standard therapeutic doses are acceptable.
Driving: No direct effect. However, underlying condition requiring IV fluids or complications like dizziness from electrolyte imbalance may impair ability.
| Insulin and Oral Hypoglycemic Agents | Dextrose infusion counteracts hypoglycemic effect. Requires careful monitoring and adjustment of antidiabetic drug doses. | Major |
| Corticosteroids (e.g., Dexamethasone, Prednisolone) | May cause hyperglycemia, potentiating dextrose-induced hyperglycemia. | Moderate |
| Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide, Thiazides) | May alter electrolyte balance (K+, Na+). Combined use with large volumes of dextrose 5% can exacerbate hyponatremia or hypokalemia. | Moderate |
| Beta-blockers (e.g., Propranolol) | May mask tachycardia, an early sign of hypoglycemia, complicating glucose management. | Moderate |
| Blood Products | Should not be administered through the same IV line as it can cause hemolysis and clumping. | Major |
Same composition (Dextrose (5% w/v)), different brands: